外国留学生汉语因果连词习得研究

发布时间：2018-08-19 19:16

【摘要】：因果连词在汉语连词中所占的比重较大,作为连词的小类因果连词在篇章结构的衔接中也起着重要的作用。目前,语言学界对现代汉语因果连词的本体研究比较充分,而外汉语教学界对因果连词习得的系统研究相对薄弱,再加上几乎每个民族都有表因果逻辑关系的词语,教师在教学中很容易忽略因果连词的讲解。因此,因果连词是对外汉语教学的重点和难点之一。本研究是对外国留学生习得汉语因果连词的初步探讨。论文明确了汉语因果连词的范围：从而、故、所以、以至(于)、以致、因此、因而、因为、由于、于是、之所以、致使、既然、可见,共14个。为了对因果连词单用和合用的情况进行对比,我们对“因为”、“由于”单用和“因为”、“由于”与“所以”合用的情况(即“因为……所以……”、“由于……所以……”)分别进行了考察。本研究主要分为五个部分：第一部分,介绍了本文的研究背景与研究意义、.研究对象、语料来源、主要研究方法和主要研究思路等,阐明了本课题的来源、价值,并对课题的研究内容和方法进行了说明。第二部分,梳理目前汉语因果连词的本体研究成果以及对外汉语教学界的因果连词研究。目前国内对于因果连词的研究成果还集中在本体研究阶段,对因果连词的个案研究和作为关联词语在复句中的合用研究都比较充分。对外汉语教学界对因果连词的研究成果主要是针连词的教学现状进行的调查研究以及运用对比分析方法分析留学生的连词运用偏误情况。第三部分,通过定量分析、偏误分析确定外国留学生汉语因果连词使用偏误包括遗漏、误加、误代、错序、杂糅5种类型,其中误代偏误所占比例最大。偏误的原因主要包括母语知识的负迁移、目的语知识的负迁移、语言学习环境的影响等方面。第四部分,依据因果连词的使用率、正确使用率和正确使用相对频率情况以及与汉语母语使用者使用情况的对比,结合对外国留学生汉语“因果连词”主观难易度调查得出的分析结果,构拟出外国留学生“因果连词”的习得顺序为：所以—因此—因为—因为……所以……、由于、于是—由于……所以……、从而、因而—既然—可见—之所以—故—以致—以至(于)—致使。第五部分,以前面三、四章的研究结果为参照,根据因果连词习得顺序的不同,对因果连词在教材、大纲中的编排、教师的具体教学策略以及练习的设计提出一些针对性的建议。本文的研究特色在于：根据目前汉语因果连词的本体研究比较充分而对外汉语教学界的有关研究比较薄弱的现象,以汉语因果连词本体研究为理论依据,系统地研究外国留学生汉语因果连词的习得情况；将汉语母语者因果连词的使用情况与外国留学生因果连词的使用情况进行对比,找出汉语母语者和外国留学生在因果连词使用频率上的差别,从而发现因果连词小类中的使用过度或者使用不足的现象；将语料库分析与外国留学生汉语“因果连词”主观难易度调查分析相结合,从客观表现及主观意识两个方面考察留学生因果连词习得情况,结合频率分析法最终得出因果连词的习得顺序。
[Abstract]:Causal conjunctions account for a large proportion of Chinese conjunctions, and they play an important role in the cohesion of discourse structure. At present, linguistic circles have done a lot of research on the noumenon of modern Chinese causal conjunctions, while the research on the acquisition of causal conjunctions in the field of teaching Chinese as a foreign language is relatively weak. Causal conjunctions are one of the key and difficult points in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. This study is a preliminary study of foreign students'acquisition of Chinese causal conjunctions. In order to compare the single use of causal conjunctions with the combined use of causal conjunctions, we divide "because", "because", "because", "because", "because" and "because", "because" and "so" together (that is, because. so","because. so"). Don't look at it.
This study is divided into five parts.
The first part introduces the research background and significance of this paper. The research object, the source of the corpus, the main research methods and the main research ideas. It clarifies the origin and value of this topic, and explains the research contents and methods of this topic. The second part combs the current research results of Chinese causal conjunctions and the Chinese as a foreign language. The research on causal conjunctions in teaching circles. At present, the domestic research achievements on causal conjunctions are still concentrated in the ontological research stage, and the case study of causal conjunctions and the combination of causal conjunctions in complex sentences as correlative words are fully studied. The third part, through quantitative analysis and error analysis, identifies five types of errors in the use of Chinese causal conjunctions by foreign students, including omission, incorrect addition, misrepresentation, misordering and miscellaneous. Negative transfer of knowledge, negative transfer of target language knowledge, influence of language learning environment and so on. The fourth part, according to the usage rate of causal conjunctions, the correct usage rate and the relative frequency of correct usage as well as the comparison with the use of Chinese native speakers, combined with the subjective difficulty survey of foreign students'Chinese "causal conjunctions" The order of acquisition of the causal conjunctions of foreign students is: therefore, therefore, because, therefore, because, therefore, because, therefore, and therefore, since, visible, why, therefore, and so on. Part V, the results of the previous three and four chapters as a reference. According to the different acquisition order of causal conjunctions, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the arrangement of causal conjunctions in textbooks, syllabus, teachers'specific teaching strategies and the design of exercises.
The characteristics of this study are as follows: according to the phenomena that the ontology of Chinese causal conjunctions is well studied but the research on TCFL is relatively weak, the acquisition of Chinese causal conjunctions by foreign students is systematically studied on the basis of the ontology of Chinese causal conjunctions, and the causal conjunctions of Chinese native speakers are used as causal conjunctions. By comparing the use of causal conjunctions with that of foreign students, this paper finds out the differences in the frequency of causal conjunctions between Chinese native speakers and foreign students, and finds out the overuse or underuse of causal conjunctions in the category of causal conjunctions. Based on the investigation and analysis, the acquisition of causal conjunctions by foreign students is investigated from two aspects of objective performance and subjective consciousness, and the acquisition order of causal conjunctions is finally obtained by frequency analysis.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195

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