概念整合理论视角下冷笑话的认知阐释

发布时间：2018-08-26 15:41

【摘要】：近些年,冷笑话作为一种特殊的幽默方式在互联网、电视节目、书籍杂志上广泛流传。根据百度百科介绍,冷笑话一般指笑话本身因为无聊、谐音字、翻译、或省去主语、不同逻辑、断语或特殊内容等问题,或由于表演者语气或表情等原因,导致一个笑话不能达到好笑的目的,较难引人发笑而成冷场。冷笑话作为言语幽默的一种,其研究虽不像幽默研究有着悠久历史,但却吸引了来自修辞学和语言学等领域学者们的注意。作者认为已有研究仍有其不足之处,例如其意义的动态建构过程未能全面阐释。本文利用概念整合理论(FauconnierTurner,1998,2002)阐释冷笑话意义在线建构过程,旨在运用这一理论阐释冷笑话意义建构的认知机制,为冷笑话研究提供一种新的研究角度和方法。作者认为,在冷笑话意义建构过程中,已有语言成分组成若干个输入空间,输入空间中的成分根据最佳原则被选择性地投射到整合空间。整合空间中,被投射成分得以重新组合,再结合读者的背景知识和社会常识等对得出的关系网进行完善,最后经过心理模仿等阐释过程,形成层创结构。而此层创结构往往与冷笑话内部语言信息或者外部社会常识相矛盾,正是这些矛盾冲突巧妙地避开读者的逻辑思维和认知心理,产生了幽默或者讽刺的效果,使人们一笑置之,或者深感结果不值得耗费先前的认知力,觉得无聊或无奈,产生“冷”的效果。由于冷笑话语言现象的复杂性和多变性,形成过程也不尽相同,为清晰地展现不同的认知过程、致笑方式,本文从五种不同的概念整合网络对冷笑话意义建构过程进行了分析,即：单一框架网络、框架网络、单向网络、双向网络和多空间整合网络,每种整合网络中冷笑话的认知过程均不同,但最终致笑原因都是整合空间中产生层创结构继而引发冲突。根据本文研究,作者总结出整合空间大致有三种导致冷笑话意义产生的冲突形式：一是随冷笑话语篇的进行,输入空间信息得以整合,读者根据预设形成一个整合空间,而此整合空间与冷笑话最后的结果也称致笑点相矛盾或相差甚远,导致幽默意义的产生,如部分脑筋急转弯；二是整合空间里的结果明显与外界基本常识不一致产生冲突而致笑,或者之前的整合过程已经耗费了一定的认知力,让人看到结果很无奈、很无聊,如违反逻辑引起的冷笑话；三是整合空间内部成分之间相互矛盾引发冲突,诱发了幽默等意义产生,双关语冷笑话便是很好一例。综上所述,在冷笑话这个微型语篇中,不管整合空间内部成分之间,或者内部成分与语篇其他成分、外部常识等产生冲突,都会导致冷笑话幽默意义的产生。文章第一部分简要介绍本文研究的重要性、目标、研究方法和框架。第二部分为文献综述,介绍冷笑话的概念、分类、与“幽默”等相关词语的对比、前人的部分研究。第三部分介绍概念整合理论,包括整合网络、选择性投射、优化原则以及概念整合网络类型等,同时简要介绍其应用。第四部分是全文的核心,运用概念整合理论对冷笑话进行分析。分析按照五种整合网络展开：单一框架网络、框架网络、单向网络、双向网络和多空间整合网络。每一类型选取典型的冷笑话实例进行详细分析。通过个案分析,从认知角度说明了冷笑话现象的在线意义建构过程。最后对全文进行概括总结,并指出不足和启发。
[Abstract]:In recent years, cold jokes have been widely used on the Internet, television programs, books and magazines as a special form of humor. Cold jokes, as a kind of verbal humor, have attracted much attention from scholars in the fields of rhetoric and linguistics. The author believes that there are still some shortcomings in the existing studies, such as meaningful actions. In this paper, Fauconnier Turner (1998, 2002) is used to explain the online meaning construction process of cold jokes, aiming at explaining the cognitive mechanism of meaning construction of cold jokes and providing a new perspective and method for cold jokes research.
The author holds that in the process of constructing the meaning of cold jokes, there are already several input spaces in which the elements are selectively projected into the integration space according to the best principles. Perfect, and finally through the process of interpretation such as psychological imitation, the formation of a layer-by-layer structure. This layer-by-layer structure often contradicts the internal language information of cold jokes or the external social common sense. It is these contradictions skillfully avoid the readers'logical thinking and cognitive psychology, resulting in humorous or ironic effect, so that people laugh away, or deep. The result is not worth consuming the previous cognitive power, and it is boring or helpless, resulting in the "cold" effect.
Because of the complexity and variability of the cold joke speech phenomenon, the formation process is also different. In order to clearly show different cognitive processes and laughing modes, this paper analyzes the meaning construction process of cold jokes from five different conceptual integration networks, namely: single frame network, frame network, one-way network, two-way network and multi-space integration. The cognitive process of cold jokes in each integrated network is different, but the ultimate cause of laughter is that the integration space produces a layer-by-layer structure and then causes conflicts. The reader forms a space of integration according to the presupposition, and the space of integration contradicts or differs greatly from the final result of a cold joke, leading to humorous meanings, such as a sudden turning of the brain; the result of the integration space is obviously inconsistent with the basic common sense of the outside world and causes laughter, or before. The integration process has consumed a certain amount of cognitive power, so that people can see the results are helpless and boring, such as cold jokes caused by illogical violations; the third is that the contradictions between the internal components of the integration space lead to conflicts and humorous meanings, such as pun cold jokes is a good example. Whether there is a conflict between the internal elements of the integrated space, or between the internal elements and the other elements of the text, or between the external common sense and so on, the humorous meaning of cold jokes will be generated.
The first part of the article briefly introduces the importance, objectives, research methods and framework of this study. The second part is a literature review, introducing the concept of cold jokes, classification, and comparison with "humor" and other related words, some previous studies. The third part introduces the conceptual integration theory, including integration network, selective projection, optimization principles and an overview. The fourth part is the core of the full text, using conceptual integration theory to analyze cold jokes. The analysis is carried out according to five integrated networks: single frame network, frame network, one-way network, two-way network and multi-space integration network. Each type selects typical cold jokes as examples. Through case study, this paper illustrates the online meaning construction process of cold jokes from the cognitive perspective. Finally, it summarizes the full text and points out the shortcomings and enlightenment.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H15

【参考文献】