基于ERP的不同类汉语因果句加工的性别差异研究

发布时间：2018-09-04 07:26

【摘要】：因果关系是人类的一种思维模式,也是人类知识表征的基石之一,亦是诸如预测、解释、理解等其他心智活动的底层依据。因此,对因果关系的研究源自多个领域,例如哲学,逻辑学,语言学等等。而神经语言学的发展,又为因果关系的研究开辟了新方向。因果关系具有普遍性和多样性,而其在语言上的表达则形成了多种多样的因果句。廖巧云(2004)根据因与果之间的关系是否符合事理逻辑,将因果句划分为逻辑因果句和实据因果句。本研究试图借助事件相关电位技术(ERPs),探索男女加工上述不同类汉语因果句的性别差异。虽然不同性别在语言加工上的差异在行为实验中多有探讨,但是从电生理学视角研究该论题并以不同类汉语因果句为实验材料的研究却少有。本研究在四川外国语大学外语学习认知神经实验室完成,以中国高校学生为被试,实验材料分为汉语逻辑因果句,汉语实据因果句和填充句。实验采用2#215;2的实验设计,被试需在句子呈现结束后判断句子的可接受程度。实验控制程序用E-prime2.0软件编写,脑电数据通过Neuroscan4.5采集并记录,然后对脑电数据进行离线分析并输入SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析。研究结论如下:(1)男性比女性在识解加工汉语逻辑因果句时付出更多的注意资源。在早期50ms至150ms时间窗口内,男女加工汉语逻辑因果句的性别效应显著:男性比女性引发更负的N100(M男=-4.37μv,M女=-1.50μv;t=-3.82;p=0.0030.05)。以往研究发现,N100反映了早期加工的注意资源分配。而在150ms至350ms和350ms至1100ms时间窗口内,男女识解加工汉语逻辑因果句的性别效应不显著。(2)男性比女性在识解加工汉语实据因果句时付出更多的注意资源。在早期50ms至150ms时间窗口内,男女识解加工汉语实据因果的性别效应显著:男性比女性引发更负的N100(M男=-4.60μv,M女=-1.29μv;t=-4.34;p=0.0010.05)。而在150ms至350ms和350ms至1100ms时间窗口内,男女识解加工汉语实据因果句的性别效应不显著。(3)汉语逻辑因果句和汉语实据因果句在男性和女性的头皮额区、中央区和颞区所诱发的脑电波幅趋势相似。在男性中两类因果句引发的早期成分无明显差异,而在后期350ms至1100ms时间窗口内,汉语实据因果句比汉语逻辑因果句引发了更正向的波幅。同样,在女性中,汉语实据因果句比汉语逻辑因果句在后期350ms至1100ms时间窗口内引发了更正向的波幅。总之,无论在何种性别中,汉语实据因果句都比汉语逻辑因果在识解加工后期需要更大的神经活动和认知资源。
[Abstract]:Causality is not only a mode of thinking of human beings, but also one of the cornerstones of the representation of human knowledge. It is also the underlying basis of other mental activities such as prediction, interpretation, understanding and so on. Therefore, the study of causality comes from many fields, such as philosophy, logic, linguistics and so on. The development of neurolinguistics has opened up a new direction for the study of causality. Causality is universal and diverse, and its linguistic expressions form a variety of causation sentences. Liao Qiaoyun (2004) divided the causal sentence into logical causality sentence and factual causality sentence according to whether the relationship between cause and effect accords with rational logic. The present study attempts to explore the gender differences between male and female in processing the above Chinese causality sentences by means of event-related potential technique (ERPs),). Although gender differences in language processing are discussed in behavioral experiments, it is rare to study the topic from the perspective of electrophysiology and use different types of Chinese causality sentences as experimental materials. This study was carried out in the Cognitive Neurology Laboratory of Foreign language Learning of Sichuan Foreign Studies University. The experimental materials were divided into Chinese logical causality sentence, Chinese factual causality sentence and filled sentence with Chinese college students as subjects. The experiment was designed with 2 #215t2. The subjects were asked to judge the acceptable degree of the sentence after the sentence was presented. The experimental control program was written with E-prime2.0 software. EEG data were collected and recorded by Neuroscan4.5, then the EEG data were analyzed off-line and input into SPSS16.0 software for statistical analysis. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Men pay more attention to processing Chinese logical causality than women. In the early time window from 50ms to 150ms, the gender effect of male and female processing Chinese logical causality sentence was significant: male caused more negative N100 than female (M male -4.37 渭 VN M female = -1.50 渭 v) -3.82% p0. 0030.05). Previous studies have found that N100 reflects the allocation of attention resources for early processing. In the time window from 150ms to 350ms and from 350ms to 1100ms, the effect of male and female interpretation on processing Chinese logical causality is not significant. (2) Men pay more attention to processing Chinese causality than women. In the early time window from 50ms to 150ms, the gender effect of causality in interpretation processing in male and female was significant: N100 was more negative in male than in female (M male = 4.60 渭 v / L, M female = -1.29 渭 v / t ~ (-4.34) / p ~ (0.0010.05). However, in the time window from 150ms to 350ms and 350ms to 1100ms, the effect of male and female interpretation and processing of Chinese causality is not significant. (3) Chinese logical causality and Chinese factual causality are in the scalp frontal region of male and female. The amplitude of brain waves induced by central region and temporal region is similar. There was no significant difference in the early components between the two types of causality sentences in men, but in the late 350ms to 1100ms time window, the Chinese causality sentences caused the amplitude of correction direction compared with the Chinese logical causality sentences. Similarly, in women, the Chinese causality sentence is more likely than the Chinese logical causality sentence to trigger the amplitude of correction in the late 350ms to 1100ms time window. In a word, in any gender, Chinese causality requires more neural activity and cognitive resources than Chinese logical causality in the later stage of interpretation.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H146

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