《现代汉语词典》（第6版）中有标志被动式的研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 08:12

【摘要】：被动式属于主观性较强的句式，表示说话人对受事主语的移情。但在客观分析词语意义和用法的辞书释义中也往往会用到被动式。这种矛盾对立使得探求辞书释义语言中被动式使用的动因和句法语义特点变得非常有必要。有标志被动式在现代汉语中是一个非常值得深入研究的结构，不仅因为它出现的环境十分广泛，在口语体、书面语体、新闻语体、包括我们即将探讨的辞书语体中都可以出现，而且同一结构（有标志被动式）在不同语体中表现出不同的使用规律。本文旨在通过对《现汉》（第6版）释义语言中有标志被动式的研究来分析上述问题。《现代汉语词典》是我国在辞书理论、编纂水平、编校质量上均达到顶尖水平的现代汉语规范性词典。其学术性、权威性、系统性是其它同类型辞书无法比肩的。对《现汉》研究的意义不仅在于认识与了解其优势与些许不足，更在于对词典编纂研究的深入。目前对《现汉》辞书元语言的研究也很多，对汉语本体中的被动式研究较为充分，但是还缺乏针对《现汉》释义语言中有标志被动式进行集中系统的分析和考察。本文将以《现汉》（第6版）这部经典辞书作为语料来源，全面研究辞书元语言中有标志被动式，采用统计、分析、对比相结合的方法，对释义语言中有标志被动式进行系统的描写分析，发现辞书语体中使用被动式是和被释词语义特征、突显话题、话题连续等因素密切相关的；我们还将《现汉》中包含有标志被动式的词条和被动标志后的结构均作了分类统计，发现辞书语体中的被动结构和其他语体相似，大部分是抑制施事的。同时，在最后一章我们将把《现汉》（第6版）中含有标志被动式的词条与第5版中相应的词条作对比，发现第6版中有标志被动式较之第5版有所增加，进而得出第6版的释义语言从语用方面更符合逻辑的结论。本研究将根据汉语辞书元语言理论、现代汉语语法、释义学等理论，从权威的现实材料——《现汉》入手，提取有标志被动式的集合。在前人对不同语体中被动式研究的基础上进一步拓展，将被动式在《现汉》中相关的句法语义语用问题的真实面貌呈现出来。包括被动式在《现汉》中分布的情况、《现汉》中被动式施事总体倾向于隐藏、谓词要求施事的意愿性较为客观等等,与其他语体使用被动式的动因不尽相同，，辞书语体中使用被动式是为了体现被释词所具有的被动的语义特征和满足释义语言语篇连贯，衔接前后文的要求。通过第6版中的有标志被动式与第5版中的作对比我们发现第6版的释义语言更多使用被动式，通过使用被动式来体现被释词的语义特征、突出话题、衔接上下语篇，进一步达到释义语言更贴切更容易理解的目的。
[Abstract]:The passive type is a subjective sentence pattern, which indicates the speaker's empathy to the subject. But passive forms are often used in dictionaries that objectively analyze the meaning and usage of words. This contradiction makes it necessary to explore the motivations and syntactic and semantic characteristics of passive use in lexicographic interpretation. The marked passive form is a structure worthy of further study in modern Chinese, not only because it appears in a very wide range of environments, but also in colloquial style, written style, news style, including the dictionary style that we are about to explore. And the same structure (marked passive) shows different rules of use in different language styles. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the above problems through the study of the marked passive form in the interpretive language of "present Chinese" (6th edition). The Modern Chinese Dictionary is a lexical theory and compilation level in China. Modern Chinese normative dictionaries with the highest quality of editing and correction. Its academic, authoritative, systematic is other similar type of dictionaries can not be compared. The significance of the study lies not only in the understanding and understanding of its advantages and disadvantages, but also in the further study of dictionary compilation. At present, there are a lot of researches on the lexical metalanguage of "present Chinese", and the study of passive form in Chinese ontology is more adequate, but there is still a lack of centralized analysis and investigation on the "sign" passive form in the "present Chinese" interpretation language. In this paper, the classic dictionaries "present Han" (6th edition) will be taken as the source of the corpus, and the marked passive form in the metalanguage of the dictionaries will be studied in an all-round way, and the methods of combining statistics, analysis and comparison will be adopted. Based on the systematic description and analysis of the marked passive form in the interpreted language, it is found that the use of passive form in the lexical style is closely related to the semantic features of the words and expressions being interpreted, highlighting the topic and the continuity of the topic. We also classify the passive and passive structures in present Han, and find that the passive structures in the lexical style are similar to those in other languages, and most of them are restraining agents. At the same time, in the last chapter, we will compare the entries in "present Han" (sixth edition) with the corresponding entries in the fifth edition, and find that there is an increase in the sign passive form in the sixth edition compared with the fifth edition. Then the sixth edition of the interpretation of language from the pragmatic aspects of more logical conclusion. According to the theory of Chinese dictionaries metalanguage, modern Chinese grammar, interpretation and so on, this study will extract the marked passive set from the authoritative realistic material, "Xianhan". On the basis of the previous researches on passive forms in different languages, the real appearance of syntactic and semantic pragmatic problems related to passive forms in present Chinese is presented. Including the distribution of passive form in "present Han", the passive agent in < present Han > tends to hide generally, the predicate requires the willingness of agent to be objective and so on, which is different from the motivation of using passive type in other languages. The passive form is used in the lexical style to reflect the passive semantic features of the interpreted words and to meet the requirements of discourse coherence and cohesion in the paraphrasing language. By comparing the marked passive form in the sixth edition with the one in the fifth edition, we find that the interpretation language of the sixth edition is more passive, and the semantic features of the interpreted words are reflected by the passive type, the topic is highlighted, and the text is connected up and down. Further the purpose of interpreting language is more appropriate and easier to understand.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H164;H146.3

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