汉语儿童并列式复合词习得研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 08:36

【摘要】：复合词，由两个或两个以上语素构成，在一些语言中，如汉语和英语，是普遍的形态学现象之一。相对于曲折词和派生词习得研究，复合词习得研究少，尤其在汉语中。在汉语复合词中，并列式双音复合词很普遍，因此汉语儿童并列式复合词习得是一个值得研究的问题。本文的目的探讨汉语儿童并列式复合词的发展情况，按两种不同词性和不同透明度进行分类。包含两个实验：并列复合名词、动词产出实验和并列复合动词、名词理解实验。本文将具体探讨以下三个问题：（1）儿童在并列复合名词和并列复合动词上哪个表现更好？（2）语义透明度对学前儿童并列式复合名词的理解是否有显著影响？（3）年龄对学前儿童并列复合名词和并列复合动词的产出和理解是否都有显著性影响？该实验的受试对象为60名四到五岁的中国湖南长沙小杜鹃幼儿园的单语儿童。摄像和录音均在自然状态下进行。摄像机型号是（SONY）HDR-HCI，，录音笔型号为（SONY）ICD_SX35。本文共有120段录音和摄像，语料转入电脑后进行分析。通过实验数据分析，得出以下结论：（1）结果显示复合词词性对并列式复合词的理解和产出均有显著影响，两个年龄段的儿童在理解和产出实验中均表现出对并列复合动词的偏好。（2）语义透明度对并列式复合名词的理解有显著影响。通过错误类型分析发现，在并列式复合名词理解中，有些儿童会把复合词先拆成两个独立的语素，然后再进行解释。（3）实验结果表明年龄对复合词理解和产出实验均有显著影响。儿童成绩随年龄增长而明显提高。综上所述，实验结果表明词性，语义透明度和年龄对汉语学前儿童并列式复合词的理解和产出均有显著影响。儿童对复合词的理解和产出在学前均有较快增长。然而，由于所测复合词的范围限制，当前研究的结果不能足够展示汉语儿童复合词习得的全貌。系统性的研究将是汉语儿童复合词习得后续研究一个值得关注的新方向。
[Abstract]:Compound words, consisting of two or more morphemes, are common morphological phenomena in some languages, such as Chinese and English. Compared with the study on the acquisition of zigzag words and derivative words, the study of compound word acquisition is less, especially in Chinese. In Chinese compound words, the paratactic dicyllabic compound is very common, so the acquisition of Chinese children's paratactic compound is a problem worth studying. The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of Chinese children's paratactic compound words and classify them according to two different parts of speech and different transparency. There are two experiments: juxtaposition compound noun, verb output experiment and juxtaposition compound verb, noun comprehension experiment. This paper will discuss the following three questions: (1) which do children perform better in paratactic compound nouns or juxtaposition compound verbs? (2) semantic transparency is the understanding of preschool children's paratactic compound nouns. Does it have a significant effect? (3) does age have a significant effect on the output and understanding of paratactic compound nouns and juxtaposition compound verbs in preschool children? The subjects were 60 monolingual children aged from 4 to 5 years old in the Rhododendron Kindergarten in Changsha, Hunan Province, China. The camera and recording are carried out in a natural state. Camera type is (SONY) HDR-HCI, recorder type (SONY) ICD_SX35. In this paper, 120 segments of recording and video recording, language data transferred to the computer for analysis. Through the analysis of experimental data, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) the results show that the word composition has a significant impact on the understanding and output of the paratactic compound. In both comprehension and output experiments, children in both age groups showed preference for paratactic compound verbs. (2) semantic transparency had a significant effect on the understanding of paratactic compound nouns. Through the error type analysis, it is found that in the understanding of paratactic compound nouns, some children break the compound words into two independent morphemes first. (3) the experimental results show that age has a significant effect on the comprehension and output of compound words. Children's achievement increases obviously with age. In conclusion, the experimental results show that part of speech, semantic transparency and age have significant effects on the understanding and output of paratactic compound words in Chinese preschool children. Children's understanding and output of compound words increased rapidly before school. However, due to the limited scope of the compound words measured, the current research results are not enough to show the full picture of Chinese children's acquisition of compound words. The systematic study will be a new direction in the further study of Chinese children's compound word acquisition.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H193.1

【共引文献】