英汉触觉形容词语义对比研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 14:49

【摘要】：触觉是由外界刺激物接触皮肤表面而引起的感觉,是接触、滑动、压觉等机械刺激的总称。触觉形容词是指表达此类触觉性状和触觉感受的词。英汉语中都有数量庞大、使用范围广泛的触觉形容词。本文以‘'cold"、"hot"、"soft"、"hard"等四个英语触觉形容词和与这些英语触觉形容词相对应的“冷”、“热”、“软”、“硬”等四个汉语触觉形容词为研究对象,对其词典所列义项分别进行语义成分分析,探讨各个义项之间的联系；并在此基础上,对英汉触觉形容词进行语义对比分析,找出两种语言中触觉形容词共有的词汇语义及特有的词汇语义,并试图对其进行解释说明。最后再在此基础上梳理其词义衍生过程,归纳总结其词义衍生特点。从对‘'cold/冷、hot/热、sof/软、hard/硬”英汉四组基本触觉形容词的语义对比结果来看,主要可以得到两方面的结论：一方面,基于人类共同的生理机制、感知器官和相同的经验体验,英汉四组基本触觉形容词"cold"和“冷”、"hot"和“热”、"soft"和“软”、"hard"和“硬”有着相同的基本义和引申义。另一方面,由于不同的民族,文化背景不同、生活习惯不同,决定了英汉语使用者不同的思维方式,有时对同一事物却产生了不同的认识,在语言表达上也就产生了截然不同的意义。在此基础上,探讨英汉触觉形容词词义衍生过程及特点,本文主要得到以下两方面的结论：(1)英汉语中,基本义对立的触觉形容词其引申义一般也存在对立关系。(2)英汉触觉形容词词义衍生特点基本一致。触觉形容词除了描述生理现象,也可以引申到心理现象,可以由具体域映射到抽象域。由最初的生理意义衍生出心理和情感意义,是人类思维方式由具体到抽象的体现。这些研究有助于学习者在学习中更好地掌握触觉形容词的意义。同时也能丰富触觉形容词跨语言对比的研究。
[Abstract]:Tactile sensation is caused by external irritant contact with the skin surface. It is the general name of mechanical stimulation such as contact, sliding, pressure sense and so on. Tactile adjectives are words that express such tactile traits and tactile feelings. There are a large number of tactile adjectives in English and Chinese. Four English tactile adjectives, such as "cold", "hot", "soft", "hard", and four Chinese tactile adjectives, such as "cold", "hot", "soft" and "hard", are studied in this paper. The semantic components of the meanings listed in its dictionary are analyzed to explore the relationship between the meanings, and on this basis, the semantic comparative analysis of English and Chinese tactile adjectives is carried out. The lexical semantics and the special lexical semantics shared by tactile adjectives in both languages are found, and an attempt is made to explain them. Finally, on this basis combing its word meaning derivative process, summed up the characteristics of word meaning derivation. From the semantic comparison of the four groups of basic tactile adjectives in English and Chinese, we can draw two conclusions: on the one hand, based on the common physiological mechanism, perceptual organs and the same experience, English and Chinese four basic tactile adjectives "cold" and "cold", "hot" and "hot", "soft" and "soft", "hard" and "hard" have the same basic meanings. On the other hand, because of different nationalities, different cultural backgrounds and different living habits, different ways of thinking of English and Chinese users are determined, but sometimes they have different understanding of the same thing. In the language expression also produced the completely different meaning. On this basis, this paper discusses the process and characteristics of the meaning derivation of tactile adjectives in English and Chinese. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) in English and Chinese, Tactile adjectives with opposite basic meanings generally have opposite meanings. (2) the derivation characteristics of tactile adjectives in English and Chinese are basically the same. Tactile adjectives not only describe physiological phenomena, but also extend to psychological phenomena, which can be mapped from concrete domain to abstract domain. The psychological and emotional meaning derived from the initial physiological meaning is the embodiment of human thinking mode from concrete to abstract. These studies help learners to better grasp the meaning of tactile adjectives in their learning. At the same time, it can enrich the cross-linguistic contrastive study of tactile adjectives.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H313;H136

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