《归潜志》词汇研究

发布时间：2018-09-08 08:55

【摘要】：专书词汇研究是语言研究的一个重要方面，对于构建完善的汉语词汇体系，具有极为重要的作用。金元是汉语发展的重要时期，这时期的汉语词汇呈现着自己的特点。《归潜志》是金元最出色的四种历史轶事类笔记之一，是研究金元语言的重要文献，，在一定程度上能够反映当时的词汇面貌。本文通过对《归潜志》词汇作细致的分析，描绘其词汇基本面貌、勾勒词汇构词特点、探究新词新义，希望为汉语史的研究积累一点基础材料。本文主要以《归潜志》中的词汇作为研究对象，切分单复音节；单音节按照词类进行归类，复音节分单纯词、合成词两类；对合成词的词汇特点进行详细的分析，从定量分析到定性分析，揭示从量变到质变的规律性，总结《归潜志》词汇在构词等方面的特点；以《汉语大词典》的解释作为参照，并结合《归潜志》以前和《归潜志》所处年代的典籍，探讨《归潜志》中的新词、新义。文章共分为四大部分。第一部分介绍《归潜志》的作者、版本、内容及研究现状。第二部分描写《归潜志》单复音节词的基本面貌，对《归潜志》的所有词按单复音节归类。单音节实词，共有五类，即：动词、名词、形容词、数词、量词；单音节虚词共有六类，即：副词、代词、介词、连词、助词、叹词。复音节实词主要是分析和讨论双音节实词，双音节实词中分单纯词和合成词两类，合成词占多数。合成词的结构形式共有六类，即：附加式、联合式、偏正式、动宾式、主谓式、补充式；另外还有少数复音节虚词。第三部分分析《归潜志》词汇的构词方面的特点。一是揭示当时的构词趋势，即语法构词为当时的主要构词方式；二是揭示语法构词方式中的主要结构方式，即联合式、偏正式、动宾式为主要的语法构词方式。三是揭示哪些词类是当时的主要词类，即名词、动词、形容词为主要词类；四是对同素异训词进行了探讨。第四部分讨论《归潜志》一书的新词、新义。
[Abstract]:The study of specialized vocabulary is an important aspect of language research and plays an extremely important role in the construction of perfect Chinese lexical system. Jin Yuan is an important period for the development of Chinese, and the Chinese vocabulary of this period presents its own characteristics. "Gui Qian Zhi" is one of the four most outstanding historical anecdotal notes of Jin and Yuan Dynasty, and it is also an important document for studying the language of Jin and Yuan dynasties. To some extent, it can reflect the words of the time. In this paper, the author makes a careful analysis of the vocabulary of Gui Qian Zhi, describes its basic features, outlines the characteristics of word formation, and explores the new meaning of new words, hoping to accumulate some basic materials for the study of Chinese history. This article mainly takes the vocabulary in "Gui Qian Zhi" as the research object, divides into the monosyllabic syllable, classifies the monosyllabic according to the part of speech, the complex syllable divides into the simple word, the compound word two kinds, carries on the detailed analysis to the compound word lexical characteristic, From quantitative analysis to qualitative analysis, to reveal the regularity from quantitative change to qualitative change, to sum up the word-formation characteristics of "Gui Qian Zhi", and to take the explanation of "Chinese Dictionary" as a reference, The new words and meanings in "Gui Qian Zhi" were discussed in combination with the books of the years before "Gui Qian Zhi" and "Gui Qian Zhi". The article is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the author, edition, content and research status of Gui Qian Zhi. The second part describes the basic features of "Gui Qian Zhi" monosyllabic words, and classifies all the words of "Gui Qian Zhi" into monosyllabic syllables. There are five categories of monosyllabic notional words, namely: verbs, nouns, adjectives, numerals, quantifiers, and monosyllabic function words, namely: adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words, interjections. Complex syllable notional words are mainly to analyze and discuss disyllabic notional words. There are two types of disyllabic notional words in disyllabic notional words: simple words and compound words. There are six kinds of structural forms of compound words, that is, addition, union, partial formality, verb-object, subject-predicate, supplement, and a few complex syllable function words. The third part analyzes the characteristics of lexical formation. One is to reveal the tendency of word formation at that time, that is to say, grammatical word formation is the main way of word formation at that time, and the other is to reveal the main structural way of grammatical word formation, that is, joint type, partial formality and verb-object type are the main grammatical word-formation methods. The third is to reveal which parts of speech are the main parts of speech at that time, that is, nouns, verbs and adjectives are the main parts of speech; The fourth part discusses the new words and meanings of the book "Gui Qian Zhi".
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H13

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