“可X了”构式研究

发布时间：2018-09-12 14:25

【摘要】：“可X了”是口语常用结构之一，借鉴构式语法理论，我们称其为构式。本文在对其构式构件、主观量和主观性进行考察的基础之上，分析该构式的形成与构式义的整合。本文包括绪论、主体和结论三部分。绪论部分界定了本文的研究对象：“可X了”构式，介绍了本文研究目的和研究意义，简述了相关的国内外研究现状，明确了本文研究的重点是“可X了”构式的构式义和该构式主观性、主观量。主体部分包括第二章至第五章。第二章从词典对“可X了”构式的解释切入，对该构式进行了较为详细的描写。本章介绍了构式“可X了”，并对构式的构件进行了详细的描写，分析了“可”、“了”的性质和功能，对可以进入构式的成分做了描写分析，分析了它们性状义隐含的量性特征，最后描写了构式的句法功能。第三章运用构式理论，对“可X了”构式的形成以及构式义的整合进行了研究，其构式义是各个构件互相整合的结果，语气副词“可”的强语势迁移，使“X”的量性达到高量级，“X”的程度义又感染“可”，使整个构式具有主观评述性程度高量级的意义；分析了其他“可+A”的意义，指出它们跟本文构式的差异；最后总结了“可X了”构式的话语功能：元语增量功能和焦点凸显功能。第四章对“可X了”构式的主观性和主观量进行了详细描写和解释。首先分析了构式“可X了”主观性的表现，文章主要从说话人的情感、说话人的视角、说话人的认识三个方面分析构式的主观性；此外分析了其主观性和主观量的表现形式。“可X了”构式，作为表示一个主观大量的结构，不仅表现主观评价的客观量级，还显示了主观评价自身的量级。第五章选择了“很X”“怪X（的）”和“太X（了）”三个表程度的结构作为比较对象，分别从其句法语义、主观性和主观量三个方面做出了比较，对这四个表程度结构的主观性做出了排序，“可X了”主观性最强，，其次是“太X（了）”，再次是“怪X（的）”，“很X”的主观性最弱，客观性最强。主观量方面，“很”客观程度高量，“怪”主观异状量，“太”表示主观程度高量或者主观过量，“可X了”是主观高量。第六章总结全文，做出结论。“可X了”是一个表达主观程度高量级的构式。本文的研究不仅对“可”词性的争议有帮助，对教学也有一定的裨益；此外指出了本文的不足以及有待解决的问题；最后探讨了构式的教学对策，提出了几点建议。
[Abstract]:"can X" is one of the commonly used structures in spoken English. We call it "construction" by referring to the theory of construction grammar. Based on the investigation of the construction component, subjective quantity and subjectivity, this paper analyzes the formation of the construction and the integration of the construction meaning. This article includes the introduction, the main body and the conclusion three parts. The introduction defines the object of this paper: "can X" structure, introduces the purpose and significance of this study, and briefly describes the current research situation at home and abroad. It is clear that the emphasis of this paper is on the construction meaning and subjective quantity of the construction of "can X" construction. The main part includes the second to fifth chapters. In the second chapter, the construction of "can X" is described in detail from the explanation of the dictionary. This chapter introduces the construction "can X", and describes the components of the construction in detail, analyzes the nature and function of "can" and "has", and makes a descriptive analysis of the elements that can enter the construction. The quantitative features of their meanings are analyzed, and the syntactic functions of the constructions are described. The third chapter studies the formation and integration of the construction of "can X" by using the theory of construction. Its construction meaning is the result of the integration of each component, and the strong potential transfer of the modal adverb "can". It makes the quantity of "X" reach the high order of magnitude, and the degree of "X" affects "can", which makes the whole construction have the significance of subjective comment and high order of magnitude, analyzes the meaning of other "can A", and points out the difference between them and the construction in this paper. Finally, this paper summarizes the discourse function of "can X" construction: meta-increment function and focus-highlighting function. Chapter four describes and explains in detail the subjectivity and subjective quantity of the construction of "can X". Firstly, this paper analyzes the subjectivity of the construction "can X", mainly analyzes the subjectivity of the construction from three aspects: the emotion of the speaker, the perspective of the speaker and the cognition of the speaker, in addition, it analyzes the forms of subjectivity and subjective quantity. As a large number of subjective structures, the construction of "can X" not only shows the objective order of subjective evaluation, but also shows the order of magnitude of subjective evaluation itself. The fifth chapter chooses "very X", "strange X" and "Tai X" as the comparison objects, and compares them from three aspects of syntax and semantics, subjectivity and subjective quantity, respectively. The subjective structure of the four tables is ranked. The subjectivity of "can X" is the strongest, followed by "too X", again "strange X", "very X" is the weakest subjectivity and the most objective. In terms of subjective quantity, "very" objective degree is high, "strange" subjective abnormal quantity, "too" means high subjective degree or subjective excess, "X" is subjective high quantity. Chapter six summarizes the full text and draws a conclusion. "can X" is a high degree of subjective expression of the construction. The research in this paper is not only helpful to the controversy of "can" part of speech, but also beneficial to teaching; in addition, it points out the shortcomings of this paper and the problems to be solved. Finally, it discusses the teaching countermeasures of construction and puts forward some suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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