句法结构在汉语儿童动词解读中的限制性作用
发布时间：2018-09-15 20:07
【摘要】：词汇理解,尤其是动词的理解是儿童语言习得研究的重点。围绕这个重点,研究者们做了大量的研究。在句法启动理论框架下的语言习得研究表明了句法结构在儿童动词理解中有很重要的指导意义。众所周知,汉语中存在着大量的空论元结构,特别是宾语脱落结构,这一特殊的现象使得论元数量不能作为判断儿童动词理解的唯一线索,使得儿童使用句法结构理解动词词义这一猜想出现分歧。本研究旨在探索论元结构在汉语普通话儿童动词理解中的实质作用,同时揭示论元结构习得过程的共同属性和特殊因素。 本研究采用实验的方法,实验一测试了55名年龄在2；6—5；11汉语儿童对出现在有显性宾语句子结构(NVN结构)和宾语脱落的句子结构(NV结构)中熟悉动词(包括及物和不及物动词)的理解。实验目的在于考察儿童是否会利用论元结构解读这些同时出现在NVN结构和NV结构中的及物动词和不及物动词的意义。包括如下几个问题：论元结构在儿童解读出现在不同句法结构中的及物动词和不及物动词的作用是否相同?论元结构在不同年龄段的儿童动词解读任务中是否存在不同的年龄效应? 实验二测试这55名2；6—5；11汉语儿童对怪异的新动词的解读。儿童能否会利用论元结构解读出现在NV结构和NVN结构中的新词的意义,以及探讨儿童在新词解读过程中的年龄效应。 实验结果表明了年龄较小的汉语普通话儿童倾向于根据句中出现的论元数量解读动词的含义。年龄较小的儿童倾向“结构顺从”,即严格根据句子结构限制动词意义。年龄较大的儿童倾向“词汇顺从”,即根据动词的词汇意义解读句子的含义。 简而言之,句法结构在动词解读中发挥着重要的作用,但是这种效应随着儿童年龄的增长而逐渐递减。儿童根据句法结构改变动词意义的倾向随着年龄递减的现象突显了语言输入频率和语言学习机制之间的相互联系,阐明了随着年龄的增长儿童逐渐固化词汇意义的趋势。
[Abstract]:Vocabulary understanding, especially verb understanding, is the focus of children's language acquisition. Around this emphasis, researchers have done a lot of research. The study of language acquisition under the framework of syntactic priming theory shows that syntactic structure plays an important role in the understanding of children's verbs. It is well known that there are a large number of empty argument structures in Chinese, especially the object exfoliative structure, which makes the number of arguments not the only clue to judge the understanding of children's verbs. The conjecture of children using syntactic structures to understand the meaning of verbs is divided. The purpose of this study is to explore the essential role of argument structure in the understanding of children's verbs in Chinese Putonghua, and to reveal the common attributes and special factors in the process of the acquisition of argument meta-structures. In this study, we used the experimental method. In the first experiment, 55 subjects aged between 2 and 5 were tested. 11 Chinese children's understanding of verbs (including transitive and intransitive verbs) in the sentence structure with explicit object (NVN structure) and the sentence structure with object falling off (NV structure). The purpose of the experiment is to investigate whether children can use argument structures to interpret the meanings of transitive verbs and intransitive verbs that appear in both NVN and NV structures. This includes the following questions: does the role of transitive verbs and intransitive verbs in children's interpretation of transitive verbs in different syntactic structures be the same? Does the argument meta-structure have different age effects in the task of interpreting children's verbs at different ages? Experiment 2 tested 55 Chinese children's interpretation of strange new verbs. Whether children can use argument structure to interpret the meaning of new words in NV structure and NVN structure, and to explore the age effect of children in the process of reading new words. The results show that the younger children tend to interpret the meaning of verbs according to the number of arguments in the sentence. Younger children tend to be structurally submissive, that is, to restrict the meaning of verbs strictly according to the sentence structure. Older children tend to "lexical obedience", that is, to interpret the meaning of a sentence according to the lexical meaning of a verb. In short, syntactic structure plays an important role in verb interpretation, but this effect gradually decreases with the age of children. The tendency of children to change verb meaning according to syntactic structure decreases with age, which highlights the interrelation between language input frequency and language learning mechanism, and clarifies the tendency of children gradually solidifying lexical meaning with age.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H193.1
本文编号：2244373
[Abstract]:Vocabulary understanding, especially verb understanding, is the focus of children's language acquisition. Around this emphasis, researchers have done a lot of research. The study of language acquisition under the framework of syntactic priming theory shows that syntactic structure plays an important role in the understanding of children's verbs. It is well known that there are a large number of empty argument structures in Chinese, especially the object exfoliative structure, which makes the number of arguments not the only clue to judge the understanding of children's verbs. The conjecture of children using syntactic structures to understand the meaning of verbs is divided. The purpose of this study is to explore the essential role of argument structure in the understanding of children's verbs in Chinese Putonghua, and to reveal the common attributes and special factors in the process of the acquisition of argument meta-structures. In this study, we used the experimental method. In the first experiment, 55 subjects aged between 2 and 5 were tested. 11 Chinese children's understanding of verbs (including transitive and intransitive verbs) in the sentence structure with explicit object (NVN structure) and the sentence structure with object falling off (NV structure). The purpose of the experiment is to investigate whether children can use argument structures to interpret the meanings of transitive verbs and intransitive verbs that appear in both NVN and NV structures. This includes the following questions: does the role of transitive verbs and intransitive verbs in children's interpretation of transitive verbs in different syntactic structures be the same? Does the argument meta-structure have different age effects in the task of interpreting children's verbs at different ages? Experiment 2 tested 55 Chinese children's interpretation of strange new verbs. Whether children can use argument structure to interpret the meaning of new words in NV structure and NVN structure, and to explore the age effect of children in the process of reading new words. The results show that the younger children tend to interpret the meaning of verbs according to the number of arguments in the sentence. Younger children tend to be structurally submissive, that is, to restrict the meaning of verbs strictly according to the sentence structure. Older children tend to "lexical obedience", that is, to interpret the meaning of a sentence according to the lexical meaning of a verb. In short, syntactic structure plays an important role in verb interpretation, but this effect gradually decreases with the age of children. The tendency of children to change verb meaning according to syntactic structure decreases with age, which highlights the interrelation between language input frequency and language learning mechanism, and clarifies the tendency of children gradually solidifying lexical meaning with age.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H193.1
【共引文献】
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