歌部同源词研究
发布时间：2018-10-17 08:34
【摘要】：词是社会约定俗成的产物,然而随着社会的发展,词的发展存在一定的规律性,词义在不断引申和层层引申中派生出新词,词义系统得以不断丰富。词族正如整个人类社会一样,由原始的家族源起,随着时间的推移、家族的兴替,不断地有新鲜元素的加入,随着语义的分化、孳乳,繁衍至今。如何在横向与纵向中把握词义运动的规律,同源词的考证和系联则成为重要的途径之一,根据古代训诂材料进行考证、运用合理的理论和方法进行系联,探讨词义发展的内部规律,阐释汉语词族的发展演变。王力先生的《同源字典》就是这样一部集大成式的研究论著,其在论述同源字的来源时指出了多种方式,然而他认为判定同源字的主要根据是“古代的训诂”,这样的标准无疑大大缩减了同源词族的范围。这与王力对同源词系联的初衷也是相违背的。可见,《同源字典》中每一上古韵部之下的同源词族都有很多值得深挖之处。本人采用王力先生《汉语语音史》的古音体系,以上古歌韵部所辖上古文献中的同源词材料为基本素材,运用词义引申的方法进行探求。由于词义引申是一种很复杂的语言现象,其分类标准不可能尽善尽美,我们只能在前辈详尽的论述和探究的基础上进一步总结出更为符合引申规律的方法,来探讨同源词的系联和衍生轨迹。关于词义引申的种种理论落实到具体的同源词现象中时,往往呈现出颇为“个性化”的演绎,因此,笔者通过对上古“歌”部字的词族中的词义引申与同源词衍生之间的互动性的研究,将种种“个性化”演绎剖析、归类、总结,化为典型之“标杆”陈列,为复杂的词义运动现象略作一些尝试性的探求工作。在具体的系联中,笔者主要以词义引申的“相关”和“相类”为两大引申思想,结合陈殿玺的语法与修辞两大引申途径和罗正坚等人具体的引申分类,对每一词族内部的同源词系联进行“穿针引线”。同源词内部的排列亦有一定顺序,皆按照词义引申的导向或分流或融合,终与其词义发展的脉络相承,来明晰其同源词衍生孳乳的推演轨迹。词义引申串联起了同源词庞大的家族,其中平行引申和纵向引申交错,故笔者会根据每组词族的具体情况来讨论这种互动的关系。本文的研究在于加强对词的本义的了解,把握词义引申的规律,促进同源词系统的完善；对同源词现象展开多角度的认识和解释,揭示同源词现象背后的社会背景、历史文化以及人类的认知规律；在同源词研究的基础上,为研究人的符号化行为提供可靠而详实的文字材料。
[Abstract]:Ci is the product of social conventions, but with the development of society, there are certain regularity in the development of words, the meaning of words in the incessant extension and layer upon layer of the derivation of new words, word meaning system can be constantly enriched. Like the whole human society, the ci family is originated from the primitive family, and with the passage of time, the family takes its place, with the addition of fresh elements, with the differentiation of semantics, the birth and reproduction. How to grasp the law of word meaning movement in the horizontal and vertical, the textual research and the connection of the homologous words become one of the important ways, according to the ancient exegetical material to carry on the textual research, uses the reasonable theory and the method to carry on the connection, This paper probes into the internal law of word meaning development and explains the development and evolution of Chinese word family. Wang Li's "homology Dictionary" is such a comprehensive research work, which points out a variety of ways in discussing the origin of homology words. However, he believes that the main basis for judging homology words is "ancient exegesis." Such a standard no doubt greatly reduces the range of homologues. This also contradicts Wang Li's original intention of homology. It can be seen that each homologous word family under the ancient rhyme in the homology dictionary has a lot to explore. I use the ancient phonetic system of Mr. Wang Li's A History of Chinese Pronunciation, the homologous words in the ancient literature under the jurisdiction of the ancient songs as the basic material, and use the method of word meaning extension to explore. As the extension of word meaning is a very complicated language phenomenon, its classification standard can not be perfect, we can only sum up more methods which accord with the law of extension on the basis of detailed exposition and exploration by our predecessors. To explore the conjunctions and derivation locus of homologous words. When the theories about the extension of word meaning are carried out into the concrete homologue phenomenon, it often presents a rather "individualized" deduction. By studying the interaction between the extension of word meaning and the derivation of homologous words, the author analyzes, classifies and sums up all kinds of "individualized" deductions, summarizes them, and turns them into typical "benchmarking" displays. Some tentative explorations are made for the complex phenomenon of semantic movement. In the specific association, the author mainly takes "relevant" and "similar" as two extension thoughts, combining Chen Dianxi's grammar and rhetoric, and Luo Zhengjian's specific extension classification. The homologous words in each word family are connected with each other. There is also a certain order in the arrangement of homologous words, all according to the meaning of the extension of the direction or diversion or fusion, and ultimately with the development of the meaning of the context of the word, to clarify the derivation of the origin of the development of the trace of the milk. The extension of word meaning is connected with a large family of homologous words, in which parallel extension and vertical extension intersect, so the author will discuss this kind of interactive relationship according to the specific situation of each group of words. The research of this paper is to strengthen the understanding of the meaning of words, grasp the rules of word meaning extension, promote the perfection of homology system, and explain the phenomenon of homology from many angles, and reveal the social background behind the phenomenon of homology. On the basis of the study of cognate words, it provides reliable and detailed written materials for the study of human symbolization behavior.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H139
[Abstract]:Ci is the product of social conventions, but with the development of society, there are certain regularity in the development of words, the meaning of words in the incessant extension and layer upon layer of the derivation of new words, word meaning system can be constantly enriched. Like the whole human society, the ci family is originated from the primitive family, and with the passage of time, the family takes its place, with the addition of fresh elements, with the differentiation of semantics, the birth and reproduction. How to grasp the law of word meaning movement in the horizontal and vertical, the textual research and the connection of the homologous words become one of the important ways, according to the ancient exegetical material to carry on the textual research, uses the reasonable theory and the method to carry on the connection, This paper probes into the internal law of word meaning development and explains the development and evolution of Chinese word family. Wang Li's "homology Dictionary" is such a comprehensive research work, which points out a variety of ways in discussing the origin of homology words. However, he believes that the main basis for judging homology words is "ancient exegesis." Such a standard no doubt greatly reduces the range of homologues. This also contradicts Wang Li's original intention of homology. It can be seen that each homologous word family under the ancient rhyme in the homology dictionary has a lot to explore. I use the ancient phonetic system of Mr. Wang Li's A History of Chinese Pronunciation, the homologous words in the ancient literature under the jurisdiction of the ancient songs as the basic material, and use the method of word meaning extension to explore. As the extension of word meaning is a very complicated language phenomenon, its classification standard can not be perfect, we can only sum up more methods which accord with the law of extension on the basis of detailed exposition and exploration by our predecessors. To explore the conjunctions and derivation locus of homologous words. When the theories about the extension of word meaning are carried out into the concrete homologue phenomenon, it often presents a rather "individualized" deduction. By studying the interaction between the extension of word meaning and the derivation of homologous words, the author analyzes, classifies and sums up all kinds of "individualized" deductions, summarizes them, and turns them into typical "benchmarking" displays. Some tentative explorations are made for the complex phenomenon of semantic movement. In the specific association, the author mainly takes "relevant" and "similar" as two extension thoughts, combining Chen Dianxi's grammar and rhetoric, and Luo Zhengjian's specific extension classification. The homologous words in each word family are connected with each other. There is also a certain order in the arrangement of homologous words, all according to the meaning of the extension of the direction or diversion or fusion, and ultimately with the development of the meaning of the context of the word, to clarify the derivation of the origin of the development of the trace of the milk. The extension of word meaning is connected with a large family of homologous words, in which parallel extension and vertical extension intersect, so the author will discuss this kind of interactive relationship according to the specific situation of each group of words. The research of this paper is to strengthen the understanding of the meaning of words, grasp the rules of word meaning extension, promote the perfection of homology system, and explain the phenomenon of homology from many angles, and reveal the social background behind the phenomenon of homology. On the basis of the study of cognate words, it provides reliable and detailed written materials for the study of human symbolization behavior.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H139
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