汉英穿戴语义场对比研究

发布时间：2018-10-17 15:17

【摘要】：不同语言间的对比研究对于揭示语言特点、发现语言规律具有重要意义。语义场理论的兴起为对比研究提供了十分便利的平台。穿戴动作与人类生活密切相关。对于穿戴语义场的概括,汉英民族有不同特点。对比研究汉英穿戴语义场,有利于深入了解汉英穿戴概念的抽象方式特征,有利于语言教学和翻译工作顺利展开。本文主要以对比语言学、认知语言学、词汇语义学的相关理论和义素分析理论作为对比研究的理论框架,从语义场入手,对汉英穿戴语义场进行对比研究。首先,笔者根据金石等学者的研究,将“把某物附着于人体的某一部位”这一义素作为穿戴语义场的共同义素,通过翻阅词典类工具书,分别确定汉英穿戴语义场的义位。我们确定了汉语穿戴义位38个,英语穿戴义位81个。然后,借鉴人的研究方法,从微观和宏观两方而入手对比考察汉英穿戴语义场。我们先对汉英穿戴语义场进行基本划分,分为“穿”义场和“戴”义场。接下来,分别对汉英“穿”义位和“戴”义位进行义素分析,分别对汉英“穿”义场和“戴”义场进行对比。之后,抽象到更高层次,从微观视角过渡到宏观视角,对汉英穿戴语义场进行对比分析。在对比分析中,我们总结出了汉英穿戴语义场的诸多异同之处。如汉英穿戴语义场基本场的划分不同,对于汉语“穿”和“戴”的概念,英语穿戴语义场对应的基本概念是“put clothes on”和“add beautyto”,这两个概念是不同角度、不同层次的,因此以英语穿戴语义场比附汉语穿戴语义场时,会出现交叉现象；汉英穿戴义位的词化模式有不同特点,但二者有共同的主要区别义素——[方式]义素；在有同有异的区别义素基础上,汉英穿戴语义场中存在基本对应义位和缺省义位两种对应关系。在研究中,我们没有止于探讨“是什么”,而是进一步探究“为什么”。接下来,笔者对汉英穿戴语义场差异产生的原因进行了探究。主要从汉英文化差异、思维特点的差异、语言系统的差异三个方面进行了探讨。最后,根据研究成果,对对外汉语教学中穿戴义位的教学及汉英互译中穿戴义位的翻译,提出了一些建议。提出了“义素教学法”和“义素信息传达”概念,以供教学者和翻译工作者借鉴。
[Abstract]:The contrastive study of different languages is of great significance in revealing the characteristics of language and discovering the rules of language. The rise of semantic field theory provides a convenient platform for comparative study. Wearing action is closely related to human life. Chinese and English nationalities have different characteristics in the generalization of wearable semantic field. The contrastive study of Chinese and English wearable semantic fields is conducive to a deeper understanding of the abstract features of Chinese and English wearable concepts and to the smooth development of language teaching and translation. Based on the theories of contrastive linguistics, cognitive linguistics, lexical semantics and sememe analysis, this paper makes a contrastive study of the wearable semantic field in Chinese and English from the perspective of semantic field. First of all, according to the research of the scholars such as Jinshi and other scholars, the author takes the sememe "attaching something to a certain part of the human body" as the common sememe of the wearable semantic field, and by looking through the dictionary reference books, determines the meaning of the wearable semantic field in Chinese and English respectively. We have identified 38 wearable sememes in Chinese and 81 in English. Then, drawing on the research methods of human beings, this paper makes a comparative study of the wearable semantic field in Chinese and English from micro and macro aspects. First, we divide the Chinese and English wearable semantic fields into "wear" and "Dai" semantic fields. Then, the sememe of Chinese and English "wear" and "Dai" are analyzed, and the meaning field of "wear" and "Dai" in Chinese and English are compared. Then, abstract to a higher level, from the micro perspective to the macro perspective, the comparative analysis of Chinese and English wearable semantic field. In the comparative analysis, we summarize the similarities and differences between Chinese and English wearable semantic field. For example, Chinese and English wearable semantic fields are divided into different basic fields. For the concepts of "wear" and "Dai" in Chinese, the corresponding basic concepts of English wearable semantic field are "put clothes on" and "add beautyto", which are from different angles and different levels. Therefore, when the English wearable semantic field is compared with the Chinese wearable semantic field, the phenomenon of crossover will occur, and the patterns of lexicalization of the Chinese and English wearable sememes have different characteristics, but the two have the same main differences in sememe, that is, the sememe. On the basis of different discriminative sememes, there are two kinds of corresponding relations between Chinese and English wearable semantic fields, namely, basic corresponding meanings and default sememes. In the study, we did not stop to explore what is, but to further explore the "why." Then, the author explores the causes of the differences between Chinese and English wearable semantic fields. This paper mainly discusses the cultural differences between Chinese and English, the differences of thinking characteristics and the differences of language systems. Finally, based on the research results, some suggestions are made on the teaching of wearable sememes in TCFL and the translation of wearable sememes in Chinese-English translation. This paper puts forward the concepts of "sememe teaching method" and "sememe information transmission", which can be used for reference by teachers and translators.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136;H313

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