跨文化语用学视角下英汉请求策略对比研究

发布时间：2018-10-26 09:07

【摘要】：跨文化语用学是对不同文化背景的语言活动进行跨文化对比研究。请求策略分为直接请求，规约性间接请求，非规约性间接请求。本文从跨文化语用学视角出发，研究中国人和英语国家人采取请求策略的差异。研究对象为100名中国学生和100名美国学生。中文组由笔者所在教学机构的学生组成，均是大学一年级学生，共100人；英文组由笔者在美国的朋友协助完成，选取对象和人数与中文组一致。共发出200份,有效问卷178份。然后，根据研究目的做了定性定量分析。问卷设计采用语篇补全测试DCT(DiscourseCompletion Test)方法。研究表明，中英两组受试者在相同语境下采取的请求策略不同。影响英汉请求策略的因素有集体主义—个人主义和权势差距。中国人受儒家思想的影响，认为恰当的人际关系是基础，倾向于在亲近关系中使用直接请求策略；英语国家人认为独立性和自主性很重要，倾向于使用间接请求策略。英语国家人在亲密朋友间更倾向于通过不施加请求来表示对人们行为自由的尊敬。换言之，他们更倾向于“消极”礼貌。中国人看待距离的不同方式则表现出了对“积极”礼貌的较高倾向。说话者对于对方真实的个人背景信息的了解也使得直接策略的使用显得不仅适当，而且也是相互间所期望的一种言语行为。在中国社会,平等关系的人们之间相互请求时也常常直截了当,以祈使句的结构来实现“直接式请求”。因此,直接策略,尤其是祈使句请求语被很多学者认为是最不礼貌的策略,而规约性间接策略被英语国家人认为是最礼貌的。本文共五个章节，，第一章介绍了跨文化语用学和英汉请求策略的中外研究现状并指出本研究的实践意义；第二章论述了本研究依据的3个理论框架：跨文化语用学、请求言语行为、请求策略；第三章交代研究方法；第四章分析研究结果。第五章总结和指出本研究的局限性。
[Abstract]:Cross-cultural pragmatics is a contrastive study of language activities in different cultural backgrounds. The request strategy is divided into direct request, regulatory indirect request and non-prescriptive indirect request. From the perspective of cross-cultural pragmatics, this paper studies the differences between Chinese and English-speaking countries in the use of request strategies. The subjects were 100 Chinese students and 100 American students. The Chinese group is composed of the students of my teaching institution, all of them are first-year college students, and the English group is completed with the help of my friends in the United States, and the object and the number of students are the same as those of the Chinese group. A total of 200 copies were sent out and 178 valid questionnaires were sent out. Then, the qualitative and quantitative analysis is made according to the purpose of the research. The questionnaire was designed using the DCT (DiscourseCompletion Test) method of textual complement test. The results show that Chinese and British subjects adopt different request strategies in the same context. The factors that influence English and Chinese request strategies are collectivism-individualism and power gap. Influenced by Confucianism, Chinese people think that proper interpersonal relationship is the basis and tend to use direct request strategy in close relationship. English speakers think independence and autonomy are very important and tend to use indirect request strategy. English-speaking people tend to show respect for people's freedom of conduct by not asking for it among close friends. In other words, they tend to be'negative 'politeness. The Chinese view distance in different ways, showing a higher tendency to be "positive" politeness. The understanding of the speaker's real personal background makes the use of direct strategy not only appropriate but also a kind of speech act expected by each other. In Chinese society, people in equal relations often ask for each other in a straightforward manner, using the structure of imperative sentences to realize "direct requests". Therefore, direct strategies, especially imperative requesters, are regarded by many scholars as the most impolite strategies, while prescriptive indirect strategies are regarded as the most polite strategies by English speakers. The first chapter introduces the current situation of cross-cultural pragmatics and English-Chinese request strategies and points out the practical significance of this study. The second chapter discusses the three theoretical frameworks on which this study is based: cross-cultural pragmatics, speech act of request, and strategy of request; chapter three deals with the research methods; and chapter four analyses the results of the study. Chapter five summarizes and points out the limitations of this study.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H313;H136

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