现代汉语“注意”类动词的多角度研究

发布时间：2018-10-30 06:17

【摘要】：本文的研究对象是现代汉语“注意”类动词,主要包括：注意、小心、当心、留神、留心、留意。“注意”类各动词之间存在着较多的共性,在各词典中均采用辗转互释的方法,本文在大量的语料基础上,从语义、句法、语用以及动词的量范畴,肯定与否定的不对称五个角度对“注意”类动词进行分析比较,力图在共性之中寻求差异,以更好地认识此类动词。句法方面,详细考察了“注意”类动词带宾语的情况。带宾语是动词的一项很重要的语法功能,且宾语情况能够直接反映出动词的语义特征。分析发现“注意”类动词均能够接体词性宾语、谓词性宾语及小句宾语。在“注意”类动词接体词性宾语的探究中,主要考察了体词性宾语的具体与抽象的倾向性、褒贬义的倾向性,以及充当语义角色的差异。在搭配谓词性宾语方面,“注意”类动词对于谓词性宾语的消极性和积极性有一定的语义选择限制。在搭配小句宾语方面,“注意”类动词在后接肯定式/否定式小句,疑问小句及把字句/被字句三个方面亦存在一定的选择倾向和语义限制。量范畴方面,力图揭示“注意”类动词在时间量和程度量上的共性与区别。时间量上,通过对动词内部的时间过程来分析“注意”各动词间存在的时体区别,通过结合动词外部的时间副词来分析“注意”类动词入句时的时制选择。在这个过程之中亦能够辨析出注意类动词的动作性强弱,并发现其对于“注意”类动词的某些语法现象有一定的解释作用。程度量上,主要探讨了“注意”类动词在语义、句法、语用三个方面的程度差异。肯定与否定的不对称方面,分别讨论了“小心”和“当心”的不对称表现及“注意”“留心”“留意”“留神”存在于肯定式和否定式中存在的使用频率不对称现象。语用方面,则讨论了“注意”类动词在语用上的语体分布和语用功能表达情况。
[Abstract]:The object of this study is the modern Chinese verb "attention", which includes: attention, care, attention, attention. There are many commonalities among the verbs of "attention" class, and the method of "tossing and turning" is used in all dictionaries. On the basis of a large number of corpus, this paper discusses the semantic, syntactic, pragmatic and quantitative categories of verbs. This paper analyzes and compares the "attention" type verbs from the five angles of positive and negative asymmetry, and tries to seek for differences among the commonalities in order to better understand these verbs. In syntactic aspect, the situation of "attention" verb with object is investigated in detail. Taking object is an important grammatical function of verbs, and the case of object can directly reflect the semantic characteristics of verbs. It is found that "attention" verbs can join part of speech object, predicate object and clause object. In the study of the adverbial object, the author mainly studies the specific and abstract tendency, the tendency of praise and derogation, and the difference of the semantic role of the body and part of speech object. In the aspect of collocation predicate object, "attention" type verb has certain semantic choice restriction for negative and positive predicate object. In the aspect of collocation, there are three aspects: "attention" verb followed by positive / negative clause, interrogative clause and Ba / Bei sentence. There are also some semantic limitations and selection tendencies in "attention" type verbs in the following three aspects: positive / negative clauses, interrogative clauses and Ba / Bei sentences. In the aspect of quantitative category, this paper tries to reveal the commonness and difference of attention verbs in time quantity and degree measure. In terms of time quantity, this paper analyzes the temporal and aspect differences between "attention" verbs through the internal temporal process of verbs, and analyzes the temporal choice of "attention" type verbs when entering sentences by combining the external temporal adverbs of verbs. In this process, we can also distinguish the action of attention-like verbs, and find that they can explain some grammatical phenomena of "attention-like" verbs to a certain extent. In terms of degree, this paper mainly discusses the degree differences of attention verbs in semantic, syntactic and pragmatic aspects. The asymmetry of "care" and "attention" in positive and negative asymmetries are discussed, respectively, and the use frequency asymmetry in positive and negative forms is discussed respectively. In pragmatic aspect, the pragmatic distribution and pragmatic function of attention verbs are discussed.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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