现代汉语口语中人称代词重复现象的多维研究

发布时间：2018-11-01 11:21

【摘要】：重复现象作为现代汉语一种独特的口语现象,却未被语言学界广泛关注,以往的研究成果仅停留在句法层面的形式和意义的一般经验性描述和解释上,从认知、功能等角度的研究还很薄弱,缺乏比较成熟的理论框架。本文尝试采用新的理论和视角对人称代词重复现象进行探讨,其中重点研究首尾重复句和间隔重复句。首先,我们从宏观上按照不同的标准从句子和超句两个层面对人称代词重复现象进行类别梳理。在句子层面上,我们根据重复部分的位置、复杂程度与是否可以易位三个方面对其进行分类。在超句层面上,我们则根据引述情况、有无标记以及重复部分是否可以前置三个方面对其进行类别划分。其次,文章从微观上分析了人称代词重复现象的语形组构的表现形式、语义特点及语体特征。结论如下：人称代词首尾重复句或间隔重复句的主体部分基本不用定语,较少使用时体助词且句末常用语气助词“啊”。而重复部分往往为单个的人称代词,具有非强制性,并且通常轻读。两种人称代词重复句绝大多数是非事件句,具有较强人际功能。另外,三个人称代词重复力由低到高的排列顺序是：他我你。此外,本文将观测扩大到现实的语用动态,即由交互视角关照口语中的人称代词重复现象,考察了该现象的使用环境、话语功能及事理立场的实现手段。研究表明：两种人称代词重复句常位于话轮轮换的关键位置,且多发生在地位平等的参与者之间；当双方地位不等时,倾向于由地位较高的参与者使用,并且绝大多数是由“双方当下言行与其以前做出某言行相悖”或者“说话人对对方或他人的某一言行方式不满”而触发,在对其的直接回应形式中,辩解式和对责式占据多数。同时它们多用来表达说话人“斥责”的事理立场,实现手段主要借助于语音手段、词汇手段、重复句连用和句法结构。最后,我们还讨论了语料中存在的一些特殊情况,分别是“您”的首尾重复、首尾不对称重复、句首同一人称代词重叠以及句中含有话语标记。它们不同程度地体现了主观性和交互主观性以及语言本身的变异性、商讨性和顺应性。由此,我们得出结论：人称代词首尾重复句和间隔重复句是结合了语言客观性、主观性和交互主观性的产物,它在意义上本身并不自足,是人们在进行人际交流时,根据自己的意图,针对一定对象即听话人的言行或身份、追求一定效果并发生于一定语境中的言语行为,与语境存在较强的依附性,两者相互补充、相得益彰。
[Abstract]:Repetition, as a unique spoken phenomenon in modern Chinese, has not been widely paid attention to by the linguists. Previous research results only focus on the general empirical description and interpretation of the form and meaning at the syntactic level, from the perspective of cognition. The research of function and other angles is still very weak, lack of more mature theoretical framework. This paper attempts to use a new theory and perspective to explore the phenomenon of personal pronoun repetition, with emphasis on the first and last repetition sentences and spaced repetition sentences. Firstly, we sort out the repetition of personal pronouns from two levels: sentence and supersentence according to different standards. At sentence level, we classify the repeating parts according to their position, complexity and translocation. On the level of supersentence, we classify it from three aspects: whether there is a marker and whether the repetition part can be prepositioned. Secondly, this paper analyzes the form, semantic and stylistic features of the phenomenon of personal pronoun repetition. The conclusion is as follows: the main part of the first and last repetition sentence or the interval repetition sentence of personal pronoun has no attributive, and the auxiliary word "ah" is seldom used at the end of the sentence and the modal auxiliary is used at the end of the sentence. The repetition part is often a single personal pronoun, which is not mandatory and is usually read lightly. The two personal pronoun repetition sentences are mostly non-event sentences and have strong interpersonal function. In addition, the order of the three personal pronouns' repetition from low to high is: he, I, you. In addition, this paper extends the observation to pragmatic dynamics, that is, the phenomenon of personal pronoun repetition in spoken language is taken care of from an interactive perspective, and the use environment, discourse function and the means of realization of rational position are investigated. The results show that the repetition of two personal pronouns is often located in the key position of the rotation, and most of them occur among the participants with equal status. When both sides have different positions, they tend to be used by higher-status participants, and most of them are triggered by "both parties' current words and deeds are contrary to their previous actions and actions" or "the speaker is dissatisfied with the other person's or others' way of speaking and doing". In the form of direct response to it, justification and accountability are the majority. At the same time, they are often used to express the speaker's "rebuke" position, and the means of realization are mainly phonetic means, lexical means, repetition sentence conjunction and syntactic structure. Finally, we also discuss some special cases in the corpus, which are "you" repetition at the beginning and end, asymmetric repetition at the beginning and end, repetition of the same personal pronoun at the beginning of the sentence and discourse markers in the sentence. To some extent, they embody subjectivity and interaction subjectivity, as well as the variability, negotiation and adaptability of language itself. Therefore, we draw the conclusion that personal pronouns first and last repetition sentences and spaced repeats are the product of combining linguistic objectivity, subjectivity and interactive subjectivity, which is not self-sufficient in meaning and is the result of interpersonal communication. According to their own intention, according to certain object, that is, the hearer's words and deeds or identity, the speech act which pursues certain effect and takes place in a certain context has a strong dependence with the context, and the two complement each other and complement each other.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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