以英语为母语的留学生等比句习得偏误分析

发布时间：2018-11-03 12:07

【摘要】：由于在中国学习汉语的留学生来自世界不同的国家，所以他们之间的背景、思维方式、语言文化都有着很大的不同，这些诸多的因素导致了他们在习得汉语的过程中，会产生各式各样不同的偏误。本文的主要研究对象是以英语为母语的留学生。比较句式是汉语中非常重要的句式。在汉语语法中，赵金铭把“比较”看作是语法范畴，指出“作为一个语法范畴，必须是某种语法意义和表示这种语法意义的形式手段二者的统一”。赵文持有的观点则是“语法范畴是语法意义的分类，并有语法形式的保证。范畴可以分为“近似、等同、胜过、不及”等次范畴。”本文的主要研究范围则为比较范畴中次范畴“等同”即“等比句”。在教学的过程中，笔者发现留学生习得比较句式时出现偏误的地方非常多。为了减少偏误出现的几率，增强对外汉语就等比句的教学的效果，本文以英语为母语的学生为调查对象，在前人研究状况的基础上，分别从等比句结构、语义、语用等方面将汉英比较表达进行分析并总结，，然后运用二语习得理论、中介语理论和对比分析理论，对英语背景的学生在使用等比句式所出现的偏误进行分析，本文不仅归纳了偏误类型，找出了偏误原因，并在最后提出了教学建议。通过分析，本文得出结论：学生的主要偏误有遗漏、误加、错序、句式杂揉等。导致这些偏误出现的原因主要有母语的负迁移、目的语泛化、学习语境的影响等。本文主要分为个部分。第一部分是选题的价值和意义，前人对等比句的研究状况。以及本文的研究方法、研究范围和研究对象。第二部分是针对英语背景留学生使用等比句时出现的偏误分析，并找出偏误原因。第三部分，通过以上的分析，笔者就教科书，教师教学方法提出了针对性建议。第四部分为结语。
[Abstract]:Since the students studying Chinese in China come from different countries in the world, their backgrounds, ways of thinking, language and culture are very different. These factors lead them to learn Chinese. There are all kinds of errors. The main research object of this paper is English-speaking students. Comparative sentence is a very important sentence pattern in Chinese. In Chinese grammar, Zhao Jin Ming regards "comparison" as a grammatical category, pointing out that "as a grammatical category, it must be the unity of some grammatical meaning and the formal means of expressing this grammatical meaning". Zhao Wen holds the view that "grammatical category is the classification of grammatical meaning and has the guarantee of grammatical form." Categories can be classified as "approximate, equivalent, superior, inferior to subcategory." The main research scope of this paper is "equivalence" or "equicomparison sentence" in the subcategory of comparative category. In the process of teaching, the author finds that there are many errors in the acquisition of comparative sentence patterns. In order to reduce the probability of errors and enhance the effect of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, this paper takes the native English-speaking students as the object of investigation, based on the previous studies, from the structure and semantics of the syntactic sentence, respectively. This paper analyzes and summarizes the comparative expressions between Chinese and English in pragmatic aspects, and then analyzes the errors in the use of equivalence sentences by students from English background using second language acquisition theory, interlanguage theory and contrastive analysis theory. This paper not only sums up the types of errors, finds out the causes of errors, and finally puts forward some teaching suggestions. Through analysis, this paper draws a conclusion that the main errors of students are omissions, misadditions, misorders, sentence patterns and so on. The main causes of these errors are negative transfer of mother tongue, generalization of target language, influence of learning context and so on. This article is mainly divided into a part. The first part is the value and significance of the topic, and the research status of the former equivalents. And the research method, research scope and research object of this paper. The second part is the analysis of the errors in the use of isometric sentences for English background students, and find out the causes of the errors. The third part, through the above analysis, the author puts forward targeted suggestions on textbooks and teachers' teaching methods. The fourth part is the conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3

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