中美好声音节目中赞美和批评策略对比分析
发布时间：2018-11-09 15:47
【摘要】：言语行为是人们最常用的交流方式之一。言语交流在人们的生活中起着举足轻重的作用。而言语行为中的“赞美”与“批评”就好比一个硬币的两面,甚至是人们评价事物的一种方式,它们对立却又相互依存。赞美可以联络感情,缩短交际者的社会距离；批评作为一种威胁面子的行为,使用恰当就能达到目标效果,使用不当甚至会恶化说话者和听话者的关系。由此可见,对赞美与批评这两种在生活中经常会用到的言语行为的研究有着深远的意义。 前人对赞美与批评策略的研究基本上采取调查问卷或DCT (Discourse Completion Test)话语填充方式来收集语料。这种方法能在短时间获取大量的语料,但是这种语料的语境都是假设的,缺少真实的语境,因而语料的说服力不够强。本文以目前收视率非常高的中国好声音中的6期与美国好声音第二季中的6期,共12期中的赞美与批评性语料建立封闭语料库,以言语行为理论,礼貌理论及霍夫斯泰德的国家文化维度理论为基础,对语料库中1012条中美好声音节目中评委及选手的赞美与批评策略及其回应方式进行了对比分析,旨在对比探索真实场景中发生的中美赞美与批评语句,把提高跨文化能力和外语及汉语教学能力作为目标,努力摸索出在不同文化背景下怎样更好的赞美或批评的有效方法。 通过分析,文章主要有以下几点发现：(1)作者基于Wolfson总结的几种英语夸奖句式,试归纳总结出了汉语的几种高频夸奖句式,发现汉语中的赞美语也同英语一样是一种高度程式化的言语行为。(2)说到语言特色,英语赞美语中几个高频出现的形容词占了很大比重,相对应的汉语反映出特色是频繁使用成语来赞美。(3)在中美对赞美的回应中,不置可否("no acknowledgement" response),即“不说话”的赞美回应在汉语中占有很高的比例,作者也对比讨论了此回应策略在公众场合的妥当性。(4)作者对比分析了中美使用的16种批评策略,并大胆的试归纳提出了批评回应的模式,即接受,不接受和不置可否三种主要类型及其包含的小分类,并通过数据显示,先扬后抑或先抑后扬,移情,暗示等批评策略较易被听众所接受。
[Abstract]:Speech act is one of the most commonly used communication methods. Verbal communication plays an important role in people's life. In speech act, praise and criticism are like two sides of a coin, even a way of evaluating things. They are opposite and interdependent. Praise can connect feelings and shorten the social distance of communicators; criticism as a face-threatening behavior can achieve the goal effect when used properly and even worsen the relationship between the speaker and the hearer. Therefore, it is of great significance to study praise and criticism, two kinds of speech acts that are often used in life. Previous studies on praise and criticism strategies have used questionnaires or DCT (Discourse Completion Test) discourse filling to collect corpus. This method can obtain a large amount of data in a short time, but the context of this kind of data is hypothetical and lacks the real context, so the corpus is not convincing enough. In this paper, we build a closed corpus of praise and critical data of 12 periods in The Voice of China, which has a very high ratings, and 6 in the second season of the good Voice of the United States, and use the theory of speech act. Based on the politeness theory and Hofstede's theory of national cultural dimension, this paper makes a contrastive analysis of the praise and criticism strategies and responses of judges and contestants in 1012 sound programs in the corpus. The purpose of this paper is to compare and explore the Chinese and American praise and criticism sentences that occur in the real scene, to improve cross-cultural competence, foreign language and Chinese teaching ability as the goal, and try to find out how to better praise or criticize in different cultural backgrounds. Through the analysis, the main findings are as follows: (1) based on several English praise sentences summarized by Wolfson, the author tries to sum up several high-frequency praise sentences in Chinese. It is found that compliments in Chinese are highly stylized speech acts as well as in English. (2) when it comes to language characteristics, several high-frequency adjectives in English compliments account for a large proportion. The corresponding Chinese language reflects the frequent use of idioms to praise. (3) in Chinese and American responses to compliments, "no acknowledgement" response), is a very high proportion of the Chinese language. The author also compares and discusses the appropriateness of this response strategy in public. (4) the author compares and analyzes 16 kinds of critical strategies used by China and the United States, and boldly sums up the model of critical response, that is, acceptance. There are three main types of non-acceptance and no-confidence and their subcategories, and the data show that the criticism strategies such as the first or the first, the empathy, the hint and so on are more easily accepted by the audience.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136;H313
本文编号：2320847
[Abstract]:Speech act is one of the most commonly used communication methods. Verbal communication plays an important role in people's life. In speech act, praise and criticism are like two sides of a coin, even a way of evaluating things. They are opposite and interdependent. Praise can connect feelings and shorten the social distance of communicators; criticism as a face-threatening behavior can achieve the goal effect when used properly and even worsen the relationship between the speaker and the hearer. Therefore, it is of great significance to study praise and criticism, two kinds of speech acts that are often used in life. Previous studies on praise and criticism strategies have used questionnaires or DCT (Discourse Completion Test) discourse filling to collect corpus. This method can obtain a large amount of data in a short time, but the context of this kind of data is hypothetical and lacks the real context, so the corpus is not convincing enough. In this paper, we build a closed corpus of praise and critical data of 12 periods in The Voice of China, which has a very high ratings, and 6 in the second season of the good Voice of the United States, and use the theory of speech act. Based on the politeness theory and Hofstede's theory of national cultural dimension, this paper makes a contrastive analysis of the praise and criticism strategies and responses of judges and contestants in 1012 sound programs in the corpus. The purpose of this paper is to compare and explore the Chinese and American praise and criticism sentences that occur in the real scene, to improve cross-cultural competence, foreign language and Chinese teaching ability as the goal, and try to find out how to better praise or criticize in different cultural backgrounds. Through the analysis, the main findings are as follows: (1) based on several English praise sentences summarized by Wolfson, the author tries to sum up several high-frequency praise sentences in Chinese. It is found that compliments in Chinese are highly stylized speech acts as well as in English. (2) when it comes to language characteristics, several high-frequency adjectives in English compliments account for a large proportion. The corresponding Chinese language reflects the frequent use of idioms to praise. (3) in Chinese and American responses to compliments, "no acknowledgement" response), is a very high proportion of the Chinese language. The author also compares and discusses the appropriateness of this response strategy in public. (4) the author compares and analyzes 16 kinds of critical strategies used by China and the United States, and boldly sums up the model of critical response, that is, acceptance. There are three main types of non-acceptance and no-confidence and their subcategories, and the data show that the criticism strategies such as the first or the first, the empathy, the hint and so on are more easily accepted by the audience.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136;H313
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