图式与象似性在语篇连贯中的关系研究

发布时间：2018-11-10 10:06

【摘要】：图式理论是一种认知心理学理论，，在语篇解读过程中，其基本思想是语篇自身并不携带意义，语篇的存在只是引导解码者如何从自身获得的知识中找到或构建意义，从而达到语篇的连贯。连贯不算语篇固有的特征，而是一个与读者相关的概念。语篇连贯的获得，在很大程度上，依赖于读者是否拥有和能否激活相关图式。象似性是认知语言学的一个重要课题，是语言相对于任意性的另一个基本特征。象似性研究对了解语言和认知的关系意义重大。人类认知积极参与人认识客观世界的过程，所以语言不是直接反映客观世界，而是反映人的头脑在认识客观世界的过程中形成的各种概念或概念结构。语言的象似性理论是在能指与所指之间，语言的形式与内容是一个必要的连接，即两者之间的关系是有规律的。语言的象似性是相对任意性而言，它是指语言符号的能指和所指之间有一种自然的联系，两者的结合是可以论证的，是有理可据的（沈家煊，1993）。图式是已知事物或信息存储于头脑中的知识结构。大量的理论证明:象似性具有预期作用,输入的信息与象似性相互作用,使得图式被激活、空位被填充,从而完成对语篇的理解。相反,如果读者不具备相应的图式或具有相应的图式而没有提供足够的象似性思维使图式发挥作用,则不能完成对语篇的理解,造成理解障碍。由此可见,图式与象似性是人类在和环境互动的过程中形成和发展起来的认知结构,体现着人类的认知原则。了解图式与象似性之间的关系能更好的完成对语篇的理解。本文在综述了前人对图式理论和象似性理论以及语篇连贯及相关研究成果之上，试图探讨语言图式和象似性的相互作用机制，并阐述这种机制对语篇连贯性的研究产生的影响。
[Abstract]:Schema theory is a kind of cognitive psychology theory. In the process of discourse interpretation, the basic idea is that the text itself does not carry meaning, and the existence of the text only leads the decoder to find or construct the meaning from the knowledge acquired by himself. In order to achieve the coherence of the text. Coherence is not an inherent feature of a text, but a concept related to the reader. To a large extent, the acquisition of discourse coherence depends on whether the reader owns and activates the relevant schema. Iconicity is an important subject in cognitive linguistics and another basic feature of language relative to arbitrariness. Iconicity is of great significance in understanding the relationship between language and cognition. Since human beings are active participants in the process of understanding the objective world, language does not reflect the objective world directly, but reflects the various concepts or conceptual structures formed by the human mind in the process of understanding the objective world. The iconicity theory of language is between signifier and signified, the form and content of language is a necessary connection, that is, the relationship between the two is regular. The iconicity of language is relative arbitrariness, which means that there is a natural connection between signifier and signifier of language symbol. The combination of the two can be proved and justified (Shen Jiaxuan, 1993). Schema is the structure of knowledge stored in the mind by known things or information. A large number of theories prove that iconicity has the anticipative effect, and the input information interacts with the iconicity, which makes the schema be activated and the vacancy is filled, thus completing the understanding of the text. On the contrary, if the reader does not have the corresponding schema or has the corresponding schema and does not provide enough iconicity thinking to make the schema work, it will not be able to complete the comprehension of the text and cause the difficulty of understanding. Thus it can be seen that schema and iconicity are cognitive structures formed and developed by human beings in the process of interaction with environment and embody human cognitive principles. Understanding the relationship between schemata and iconicity can better understand the text. On the basis of a review of previous studies on schema theory and iconicity theory as well as discourse coherence and related research results, this paper attempts to explore the interaction mechanism of linguistic schema and iconicity, and to expound the influence of this mechanism on the study of discourse coherence.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H05

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