“很X”和“X得很”对比研究

发布时间：2018-11-10 12:33

【摘要】：“很X”和“X得很”是汉语常用结构形式。本文借鉴构式语法的理论框架，将二者视为构式，着眼结构整体进行观察，，在语料整理和分析基础上，运用功能语法和认知语法理论对两个构式在句法功能、话语功能和语义表达效果等方面的同异进行描写，发掘两个构式差异性的根本原因，尝试对相关状补可换位结构形成的机制和动因做出解释。第一章的绪论部分包括四方面内容：研究对象和选题缘起；相关研究现状；本文研究目的、意义及方法；相关语料和研究方法的说明。第二章系统分析两个构式句法层面的异同。主要分为两个部分，内部结构和外部功能的比较。对内部结构的分析包括：从历时角度考察两个构式的产生，从共时的角度比较进入构式的成分“X”的类型，并分析组合产生的原因，重点研究“很”与名词、动词性结构和状态形容词组合的现象。对外部功能的考察主要比较两个构式所充当的句法成分，研究结果表明“很X”可以充当多种句法成分，“X得很”所做成分则比较单一。在信息结构和时间特征上，“X得很”表示该事件或状态行为正在发生或已经发生，而“很X”则没有这一限制，既可以表示正在或已经发生，也可以表示即将发生。在搭配成分的比较中，我们意识到构式“很X”在具体的表述中情态色彩不浓，表述比较客观，往往需要情态副词的修饰来加强情态义。“X得很”由于表达上的主观性，本身就含有情态性质，所以不受情态副词修饰。同时，也说明构式“很X”具有较强的向前延展性，而“X得很”则延展性较弱。第三章从语义和话语功能角度对两个构式进行对比研究，在对结构语义核心进行分析的基础上，本章集中对构式所在篇章的后续句成分的差异进行考察，探讨后续句与构式所在的话题句之间的语义关联。“很X”所在语篇刻画的是一个前后小句存在时间先后关系的事件链，“X得很”表达的不是一个新事件，而是对语篇所述事件的一种评议，而且还存在典型的解释性后续句，因此，可以认为“很X”结构的话语功能在于叙述，而“X得很”构式的功能在于评议和解释。对于两个构式语义程度的比较，本章通过语义指向分析以及构式后续句顺接和转接的情况进行判断，得出“X得很”表义程度更高。接着本章在语体色彩研究的基础上，引出主观性问题的比较，通过对二者经常出现的语境进行统计，结果显示“X得很”语义表达上具有较强的主观性。最后，本文基于前三章研究，对两个构式的构式义进行更准确的界定，并对状补可换位结构产生的机制和动因试做分析：主要与语言的地域发展特点、语义的补偿机制以及语用动机的制约相关。
[Abstract]:"Xue X" and "X do very" are common structural forms in Chinese. Based on the theoretical framework of construction grammar, this paper regards them as constructions and observes them as a whole. On the basis of corpus arrangement and analysis, this paper applies the theories of functional grammar and cognitive grammar to the syntactic functions of the two constructions. This paper describes the similarities and differences of discourse functions and semantic expression effects, explores the fundamental causes of the differences between the two constructions, and tries to explain the mechanism and motivation of the formation of the commutative structures of the related traits. The introduction of the first chapter includes four aspects: the object of study and the origin of the topic; the status quo of the relevant research; the purpose, significance and methods of this study; the description of the relevant corpus and research methods. The second chapter systematically analyzes the similarities and differences between the two syntactic levels. Mainly divided into two parts, internal structure and external function comparison. The analysis of internal structure includes: examining the generation of two constructions from a diachronic point of view, comparing the types of components "X" that enter the construction from a synchronic point of view, and analyzing the reasons for the formation of the combination, focusing on the study of "very" and nouns. The phenomenon of verb structure and the combination of state adjectives. The study of external functions mainly compares the syntactic components served by the two constructions. The results show that "very X" can act as a variety of syntactic components, and "X" can do a single component. In terms of information structure and time characteristics, "X" indicates that the event or state behavior is taking place or has occurred, while "very X" does not have this limitation. It can indicate whether it is or has happened or is about to happen. In the comparison of collocation components, we realize that the construction "very X" has less modality color and more objective expression in the concrete expression, and often needs the modification of modal adverbs to strengthen the modal meaning. "X is very important" because of the subjectivity of expression. Itself has the nature of modality, so it is not modified by modal adverbs. At the same time, it also shows that the construction "very X" has a strong forward ductility, while "X is very" has a weaker ductility. The third chapter makes a comparative study of the two constructions from the perspective of semantic and discourse functions. On the basis of the analysis of the structural semantic core, this chapter focuses on the differences of the subsequent sentence components of the text in which the construction is made. This paper probes into the semantic relation between the following sentence and the topic sentence in which the construction is made. The text "Xue X" depicts a chain of events in which there is a temporal and sequential relationship between the clauses before and after the clause. "X" expresses not a new event, but a comment on the events described in the text, and there are also typical explanatory follow-up sentences. Therefore, the discourse function of "Xue X" structure lies in narration, while the function of "Xde Xue" structure lies in comment and explanation. For the comparison of the semantic degree of the two constructions, through the semantic analysis and the construction of the subsequent sentences followed by the situation of the judgment, it is concluded that "X is very" is a higher degree of meaning. Then, on the basis of the study of stylistic color, this chapter leads to the comparison of subjective problems, and through the statistics of the context which often appears between them, the result shows that the semantic expression of "Xde is very" has strong subjectivity. Finally, based on the research of the first three chapters, this paper gives a more accurate definition of the construction meaning of the two constructions, and tries to analyze the mechanism and motivation of the transposition structure: mainly with the regional development characteristics of the language. The compensation mechanism of semantics and the restriction of pragmatic motivation are relevant.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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