汉法存现句对比研究

发布时间：2018-11-10 21:23

【摘要】：存现是最基本的客观现实和客观现象之一。存现句是世界上几乎所有语言都具有的一个普遍语法现象，长期以来备受语言学家的关注。存现句是汉法两种语言共有的特殊句式，在两种语言中均有其他句式不可替代的作用。本文试图对存现句这一句类在汉法两种语言中作详细的描述和对比，包括存现句的结构类型、存现动词、存现主体和处所/时间词语等来探讨汉法存现句的相同和相异之处。本文主体部分由五个部分构成：第一部分为引言。总结了国内外学者对汉法存现句的研究现状，提出了在当下汉法存现句对比研究中的不足，引出本文的研究意义，并从存现句的句型特征和表意特征两个方面界定了本文中的存现句研究范围。第二部分为汉法存现句句型对比。存现句是一个句类，法语存现句主要有两种句型，即“il y a+NP+LP”和“NP+VP+LP”，而汉语存现句句型相对多样，比如“有”字存现句、“是”字存现句、“着”字存现句等。通过对比，我们发现两种语言中存现句的语序是最大差异，有一定的对应规律。同时，存现主体、存现动词和处所/时间词语在法语中只有处所/时间词语可以省略，在汉语中基本只有存现主体不能被省略。第三部分为汉法存现句分段对比。在对两种语言存现句中的NP、VP和LP进行分析之后，本文对这三者进行对比。法语和汉语存现句中的NP、VP和LP在语义特征上没有本质差别，NP一般都显示出非宾格性；LP的差别主要是在其构成结构上；VP的差别集中在其与NP的施受关系上。第四部为存现句法译汉中的问题。通过前两章的对比，，我们发现法语和汉语存现句的异同，并且得出了一些基本结论。但是在实际运用中，法语存现句译至汉语时仍然体现出较大差别。我们以《人间喜剧》中的语句为例对这些差别进行了分类和分析。第五部分为总结。在这个章节中，我们总结了本文的一些研究结论，并且提出了研究不足。
[Abstract]:Existence and present is one of the most basic objective reality and objective phenomena. Existential sentence is a universal grammatical phenomenon in almost all languages in the world, which has been concerned by linguists for a long time. Existential sentence is a special sentence pattern common to both Chinese and French, and plays an irreplaceable role in both languages. This paper attempts to make a detailed description and comparison of existential sentences in both Chinese and French, including the structural types of existential sentences, existential verbs, existential subject and place / time words to explore the similarities and differences between Chinese and French existential sentences. The main part of this paper consists of five parts: the first part is the introduction. This paper summarizes the current research situation of Chinese and French existential sentences at home and abroad, puts forward the deficiency in the current comparative study of Chinese legal existential sentences, and leads to the significance of the research in this paper. It also defines the scope of the study of existential sentences in this paper from the two aspects of sentence pattern characteristics and ideographic features. The second part is the comparison of the sentence patterns of Chinese and French. Existential sentence is a kind of sentence, French existential sentence mainly has two kinds of sentence types, namely "il y a NP LP" and "NP VP LP", while Chinese existential sentence type is relatively diverse, for example, "you" character exists present sentence, "is" word exists present sentence, "Zhao" word exists present sentence, and so on. By comparison, we find that the word order of existential sentences in the two languages is the biggest difference, and there are certain corresponding rules. At the same time, only place / time words can be omitted in French, and only existential subject can not be omitted in Chinese. The third part is the comparison of Chinese and French existential sentences. After the analysis of NP,VP and LP in the existential sentences of the two languages, this paper compares them. There is no essential difference in semantic features between NP,VP and LP in French and Chinese existential sentences. NP generally shows non-objectiveness; the difference of LP is mainly in its structure; the difference between VP and NP is concentrated in the relationship between VP and NP. The fourth part deals with the translation of existential syntax in Hanzhong. Through the comparison of the first two chapters, we find the similarities and differences between French and Chinese existential sentences, and draw some basic conclusions. However, in practice, the translation of French existential sentences into Chinese still shows great difference. We classify and analyze these differences by taking the sentences in Human Comedy as an example. The fifth part is a summary. In this chapter, we summarize some conclusions of this paper, and put forward the lack of research.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146;H32

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