新中国成立至21世纪初旧词新义的发展变化研究

发布时间：2018-11-15 15:41

【摘要】：旧词新义属于词汇系统内部的发展变化现象，是新词语中争议较大的一类特殊成员，探讨其发展变化，对词汇系统、语言系统和社会的发展变化情况等方面的研究有重要的意义和价值。本文将新中国成立至21世纪初产生的旧词新义分两个时期，即新中国成立至改革开放前和改革开放至21世纪初进行研究，探讨这两个时期内产生的旧词新义在产生数量、来源、反映的内容即在各行业适用的情况、产生的类型、方式以及语用中体现的特点等方面的发展变化情况，从而对新中国成立以来至21初产生的旧词新义的发展变化有较全面的的了解，进而对其发展趋势有预测作用以及对其的规范有一定的指导作用。本文主要采用定量和定性相结合的方法、共时和历时相结合的方法以及比较和分析相结合的方法，用图表的形式，直观呈现这两个时期内的旧词新义现象的发展变化情况，然后在描写和解释的基础上，对其进行分析比较，总结出旧词新义在这两个时期内的发展变化情况，即产生数量不断增加；反映的内容在各行业使用情况也有变化，由主要在政治领域和其他领域变为主要在其他领域和经济领域；来源途径更多样，吸收了方源词和外来词，其中外来词主要来自西方英语国家和日本；在产生的类型中，主要包括两种情况，一是固有词义增加义项的类型，主要分为，词义扩大，词义缩小和词义转移三种情况，其中主要以词义转移为主，部分词义属于词义扩大和词义缩小。二是非固有词义增加义项，主要是同音同形词，它体现了词义增加新义项途径的多样性和复杂性；产生方式中，，都以比喻法和引申法为主，比喻法产生的数量更多，但后一个时期较前一个时期更丰富，增加了谐音法和借义法等；在语用中体现出新义内容的不稳定性、系统性、灵活性、优越性和跨行业使用成为主流的特点，由此全面展现出新中国成立以来至21世纪初旧词新义的发展变化情况。
[Abstract]:The new meaning of old words belongs to the phenomenon of development and change within the lexical system. The study of language system and social development is of great significance and value. This paper divides the new meanings of old words from the founding of New China to the beginning of the 21st century into two periods, that is, from the founding of New China to the reform and opening up to the beginning of the 21st century, and probes into the quantity and source of the new meanings of old words produced in these two periods. The contents reflected are the development and changes in the application of various industries, the types and ways of production, and the characteristics embodied in pragmatics, etc. From the founding of the people's Republic of China to the beginning of the 21st century, the author has a comprehensive understanding of the development and changes of the old words' new meanings, and then has a certain guiding role in predicting the development trend of the old words and their norms. This paper mainly adopts the quantitative and qualitative methods, the synchronic and diachronic methods, as well as the methods of comparison and analysis, using the form of charts to show the development and change of the new meanings of the old words in these two periods. Then, on the basis of description and explanation, the author analyzes and compares the new meanings of the old words, and summarizes the development and changes of the new meanings of the old words in these two periods, that is, the number of the old words is increasing. The use of the reflected content has also changed across sectors, from primarily in the political and other areas to primarily in other areas and in the economy; The sources are more diverse, absorbing both local and loanwords, in which loanwords mainly come from western English-speaking countries and Japan. Among the types produced, there are mainly two kinds of cases, one is the type of inherent word meaning increasing meaning, which is mainly divided into three situations, namely, word meaning expansion, word meaning reduction and word meaning transfer, among which the main one is word meaning transfer. Part of the meaning belongs to the expansion of word meaning and the narrowing of word meaning. Second, the meaning of non-intrinsic words is increased, mainly homonym and homonym, which reflects the diversity and complexity of the ways of increasing the meaning of new meaning; Figurative method and extension method are the main ways of production, the number of metaphorical method is more, but the latter period is more abundant than the previous period, with the addition of homophonic method and loan-sense method. The features of instability, systematicness, flexibility, superiority and cross-industry use of new meanings in pragmatics are reflected in the pragmatics, which shows the development and changes of new meanings of old words from the founding of New China to the beginning of the 21st century.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136

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