韩国语和汉语否定义表现对比
发布时间：2018-11-16 16:05
【摘要】：否定在韩国人学习汉语的过程中和中国人学习韩国语的过程中都是个值得研究和讨论的难点。在学习外语的时候,通常由于受到母语的影响,在表达否定义的时候出现误用的状况。此前的多数研究中,着重从词汇和句法的角度,对韩国语和汉语的否定法进行了对比和探究。本论文在之前的研究成果上整理总结的同时,稍作深层次的研究,并且从语用论的角度对比分析了韩国语和汉语否定义的表现形式。 通过细致的对比研究过程,在词汇,句法,语用论的角度得出以下成果： 一.从韩国语和汉语否定词汇角度出发,汉语否定词可以出现在谓语核心词的前后,而韩国语的否定词,只能出现在谓语核心词的前面。在短型否定句中,韩国语的否定词通常是固定的,只在谓语核心词前面出现,而汉语的否定词不仅可以出现在核心词前,也可以放在其它成分之前,只是表达的意义不同。韩国语否定词的出发点被认为是对于肯定构造的对立层面。肯定是陈述某种事物的存在,而否定则是陈述某种事物不存在,而汉语却不是这样的。 二.从句法角度来看,韩国语中典型性否定形式与汉语否定形式的对比过程中,否定词后接续的词性具有限制性,韩汉相对应的否定义也不是万能的,涉及到了词义缩小和词义扩大的问题。而客观否定,意志否定和能力否定在表达的过程中所选择的词也有所限制。在时制上,汉语的否定不像韩国语那样明显,韩国语的否定使用上所对应的汉语有所要求。 三.从语用论角度来看,韩国语否定义的表现形式可以通过使用不同的词汇,将祈使句改为反问句的形式委婉的征求对方意见。而汉语中可以通过语调和不同发音来表达出不同的意思。语用论在生活中的使用非常广泛,可以从说话者的心理状态,回答方式和发音的过程中来判断对方想表达出的否定义。 韩国语和汉语的否定义表达形式上有很多的相同点,也有很多的不同点,所以在学习的过程中按照母语的思维方式会出现很多混淆与误用。这些不同不仅仅因为韩国语和汉语处于不同的语系中,在语言使用方式和习惯上也受到影响。特别是在表现否定义的过程中,还涉及到了各国文化风俗习惯和表达方式的不同上。 本论文主要通过语用论的角度,对韩国语和汉语的否定义的表现形式进行了对比,希望以此来对韩中两国语言学习和研究者有所帮助,在相互学习,探讨,研究过程中,对韩汉否定意义的表现对比进行更广泛,更深层,更有实用性的研究。
[Abstract]:Negation is a difficult point to be studied and discussed in the process of Korean learning and Chinese learning Korean. When learning a foreign language, it is often misused because of the influence of the mother tongue. In most previous studies, the negative methods of Korean and Chinese are compared and explored from lexical and syntactic perspectives. While summarizing the previous research results, this thesis makes a deep study and makes a comparative analysis of the expressions of whether Korean and Chinese are defined from the perspective of pragmatics. From the perspective of lexical, syntactic and pragmatic studies, the following results are obtained: 1. From the angle of Korean and Chinese negative words, Chinese negative words can appear before and after the predicate core words, while Korean negative words can only appear in front of predicate core words. In short negative sentences, the negative words in Korean are usually fixed and appear only in front of the predicate core words, while the negative words in Chinese can appear not only before the core words, but also before other elements. The starting point of the Korean negative words is regarded as the opposite level of the affirmative structure. Affirmation is to state the existence of something, while negation is to state that something does not exist, but Chinese is not. II. From the syntactic point of view, in the process of comparing typical negative forms with Chinese negative forms, the part of speech followed by negative words is restrictive, and the corresponding negative meanings in Han and Han languages are not omnipotent. It involves the problem of word meaning narrowing and word meaning expanding. The choice of words in the process of expressing objective negation, will negation and ability negation is also limited. In terms of tense, the negation of Chinese is not as obvious as that of Korean, and the negative use of Korean requires the corresponding Chinese. Three From the perspective of pragmatics, the expression of Korean definition can be changed from imperative sentence to rhetorical sentence form by using different words to ask the other party's opinion tactfully. In Chinese, different meanings can be expressed by intonation and pronunciation. Pragmatics is widely used in daily life and can be used to judge the negative meaning of the speaker from the perspective of the speaker's mental state, the way of answering and the process of pronunciation. There are many similarities and differences in the forms of negative expressions between Korean and Chinese, so there will be a lot of confusion and misuse in the process of learning according to the mode of thinking of the mother tongue. These differences are not only because Korean and Chinese are in different languages, but also in language usage and habits. Especially in the process of defining performance, it also involves the cultural customs and expressions of different countries. From the perspective of pragmatics, this thesis makes a comparison between Korean and Chinese in the form of non-definition, hoping to be of help to the study of Korean and Chinese languages and researchers in the process of mutual learning, discussion and research. The comparison of the negative meaning of Han and Han is more extensive, deeper and more practical.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136;H55
[Abstract]:Negation is a difficult point to be studied and discussed in the process of Korean learning and Chinese learning Korean. When learning a foreign language, it is often misused because of the influence of the mother tongue. In most previous studies, the negative methods of Korean and Chinese are compared and explored from lexical and syntactic perspectives. While summarizing the previous research results, this thesis makes a deep study and makes a comparative analysis of the expressions of whether Korean and Chinese are defined from the perspective of pragmatics. From the perspective of lexical, syntactic and pragmatic studies, the following results are obtained: 1. From the angle of Korean and Chinese negative words, Chinese negative words can appear before and after the predicate core words, while Korean negative words can only appear in front of predicate core words. In short negative sentences, the negative words in Korean are usually fixed and appear only in front of the predicate core words, while the negative words in Chinese can appear not only before the core words, but also before other elements. The starting point of the Korean negative words is regarded as the opposite level of the affirmative structure. Affirmation is to state the existence of something, while negation is to state that something does not exist, but Chinese is not. II. From the syntactic point of view, in the process of comparing typical negative forms with Chinese negative forms, the part of speech followed by negative words is restrictive, and the corresponding negative meanings in Han and Han languages are not omnipotent. It involves the problem of word meaning narrowing and word meaning expanding. The choice of words in the process of expressing objective negation, will negation and ability negation is also limited. In terms of tense, the negation of Chinese is not as obvious as that of Korean, and the negative use of Korean requires the corresponding Chinese. Three From the perspective of pragmatics, the expression of Korean definition can be changed from imperative sentence to rhetorical sentence form by using different words to ask the other party's opinion tactfully. In Chinese, different meanings can be expressed by intonation and pronunciation. Pragmatics is widely used in daily life and can be used to judge the negative meaning of the speaker from the perspective of the speaker's mental state, the way of answering and the process of pronunciation. There are many similarities and differences in the forms of negative expressions between Korean and Chinese, so there will be a lot of confusion and misuse in the process of learning according to the mode of thinking of the mother tongue. These differences are not only because Korean and Chinese are in different languages, but also in language usage and habits. Especially in the process of defining performance, it also involves the cultural customs and expressions of different countries. From the perspective of pragmatics, this thesis makes a comparison between Korean and Chinese in the form of non-definition, hoping to be of help to the study of Korean and Chinese languages and researchers in the process of mutual learning, discussion and research. The comparison of the negative meaning of Han and Han is more extensive, deeper and more practical.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136;H55
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