四川官话亲属称谓语研究
发布时间：2018-11-18 11:56
【摘要】：汉语亲属称谓是汉语词汇系统中独具特色的成分之一,具有语言学及文化学的双重意义。本文在前人研究的基础上,通过实地考察,运用描写比较分析的方法,对四川及重庆地区8个方言点的亲属称谓进行了全面的调查,分别从从祖辈、父辈、同辈、子辈、孙辈五个层面进行研究,较详细的描写了这些地区的核心亲属称谓语在四川省的分布情况及主要称谓方式,分析归纳亲属称谓在构词上、语音上、语用上的特点,从地域、传统、移民三个视角揭示了其文化内涵,以及探讨其发展趋势。 “四川官话”古时称为“蜀语”或者“蜀方言”,发源于上古时期的古巴语和古蜀语,之后四川话便随巴蜀地区的历史进程和移民更替而不断地发展演进。与汉民族共同语和其他方言相比,四川官话亲属称谓具有自身特殊性和内部多样性。自身特殊性是由于四川特殊的历史背景、社会生活、地域文化以及传统观念所决定的。内部多样性主要是受移民文化的影响。悠久的语言历史,使四川官话亲属称谓语中保留了一些古时的语音形式。如表“祖父母”的主要称谓“公”、“婆”,采用古代传统的单音节形式,表“外曾祖父母”、“外祖父母”的称谓语“老家”、“家家”、“家公”、“家婆”中,“家”在亲属称谓中保留了中古的见母假摄麻韵二等开口音。特殊的山地地形以及古时以农业为主的生产活动形成了一些如“甩担”、“挑脑壳”、“姨抬”等典型的称谓词,进一步突出了独特的地域特征影响下所形成的的四川官话亲属称谓语独具特色。同时传统的男尊女卑心理在农村根深蒂固,使得四川官话中的亲属称谓具有一定的特殊性以及多样性。如对妻子的称谓就有“婆[C、屋头人、娃儿他妈、煮饭的、家主婆、堂客”等,对丈夫的称谓如“男人、当家人、主劳、门前人”等。受几次巨大的移民浪潮的影响,使得四川方言中的亲属称谓语既具有自身本土气息,还带有湘方言、赣方言、闽方言、客家方言特色。反映在亲属称谓语中如四川闽方言中表干爹妈的称谓“保保”等,四川客家方言中表母亲的称谓“姐”,四川赣方言中表表兄弟的称谓“老表”,四川湘方言中表孩子的称谓“崽”等。移民文化造就了四川话亲属称谓内部多样性。 四川官话亲属称谓的复杂多样且独具特色,一定会为汉语方言亲属称谓的进一步研究提供重要的参考资料。
[Abstract]:Chinese kinship appellation is one of the unique components in the Chinese lexical system, which has the dual meanings of linguistics and culturology. On the basis of previous studies, this paper makes a comprehensive investigation on the kinship appellations of eight dialects in Sichuan and Chongqing by means of field investigation and comparative analysis, respectively, from the ancestors, fathers, peers, children, etc. This paper studies the five aspects of grandchildren, describes in detail the distribution and main appellations of the core kinship appellations in Sichuan Province, and analyzes and sums up the characteristics of kinship appellations in terms of word formation, pronunciation and pragmatics. The traditional and immigration perspectives reveal its cultural connotation and explore its development trend. In ancient times, "Sichuan Mandarin" was called "Shu language" or "Shu dialect", which originated from Cuban and ancient Shu languages in ancient times. Afterwards, Sichuan dialect continued to develop and evolve with the historical process of Bashu area and the replacement of immigrants. Compared with Chinese common language and other dialects, Sichuan Mandarin kinship appellation has its own particularity and internal diversity. Its particularity is determined by Sichuan's special historical background, social life, regional culture and traditional ideas. Internal diversity is mainly influenced by immigrant culture. With a long history of language, Sichuan Mandarin kinship appellations retain some ancient phonetic forms. For example, the main appellations of "grandparents" are "public" and "grandmother", which adopt the traditional monosyllabic form of ancient times, and the appellations of "grandparent", "hometown", "grandparent" and "grandparent". In the kinship appellation, Jia retains the middle-ancient tongues. The special mountainous terrain and the agricultural production activities in ancient times have formed some typical appellations such as "swinging a pole", "picking a skull", "auntie" and so on. It further highlights the unique characteristics of Sichuan Mandarin kinship appellations under the influence of unique regional characteristics. At the same time, the traditional psychology of male and female superiority is deeply rooted in the countryside, which makes the kinship appellation in Sichuan Mandarin have certain particularity and diversity. For example, the title for the wife is "old woman, householder, baby mother, cooking woman, householder, house guest" and so on, and the husband is called "man, family member, master laborer, doorman" and so on. Influenced by several great waves of emigration, the kinship appellations in Sichuan dialect not only have their own local flavor, but also have the characteristics of Hunan dialect, Jiangxi dialect, Fujian dialect and Hakka dialect. It is reflected in relative appellations such as Bao, the appellation of "Bao" in Sichuan Min dialect, the appellation "elder sister" in Sichuan Hakka dialect, and the appellation "Laobiao", which is used to describe brothers in Sichuan and Jiangxi dialects. The appellation "cub" in Sichuan Xiang dialect. Immigrant culture has created the variety of kinship terms in Sichuan dialect. The complexity and diversity of kinship appellations in Sichuan Mandarin dialect, which will provide important reference for the further study of kinship appellations in Chinese dialects.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H172.3
本文编号：2339982
[Abstract]:Chinese kinship appellation is one of the unique components in the Chinese lexical system, which has the dual meanings of linguistics and culturology. On the basis of previous studies, this paper makes a comprehensive investigation on the kinship appellations of eight dialects in Sichuan and Chongqing by means of field investigation and comparative analysis, respectively, from the ancestors, fathers, peers, children, etc. This paper studies the five aspects of grandchildren, describes in detail the distribution and main appellations of the core kinship appellations in Sichuan Province, and analyzes and sums up the characteristics of kinship appellations in terms of word formation, pronunciation and pragmatics. The traditional and immigration perspectives reveal its cultural connotation and explore its development trend. In ancient times, "Sichuan Mandarin" was called "Shu language" or "Shu dialect", which originated from Cuban and ancient Shu languages in ancient times. Afterwards, Sichuan dialect continued to develop and evolve with the historical process of Bashu area and the replacement of immigrants. Compared with Chinese common language and other dialects, Sichuan Mandarin kinship appellation has its own particularity and internal diversity. Its particularity is determined by Sichuan's special historical background, social life, regional culture and traditional ideas. Internal diversity is mainly influenced by immigrant culture. With a long history of language, Sichuan Mandarin kinship appellations retain some ancient phonetic forms. For example, the main appellations of "grandparents" are "public" and "grandmother", which adopt the traditional monosyllabic form of ancient times, and the appellations of "grandparent", "hometown", "grandparent" and "grandparent". In the kinship appellation, Jia retains the middle-ancient tongues. The special mountainous terrain and the agricultural production activities in ancient times have formed some typical appellations such as "swinging a pole", "picking a skull", "auntie" and so on. It further highlights the unique characteristics of Sichuan Mandarin kinship appellations under the influence of unique regional characteristics. At the same time, the traditional psychology of male and female superiority is deeply rooted in the countryside, which makes the kinship appellation in Sichuan Mandarin have certain particularity and diversity. For example, the title for the wife is "old woman, householder, baby mother, cooking woman, householder, house guest" and so on, and the husband is called "man, family member, master laborer, doorman" and so on. Influenced by several great waves of emigration, the kinship appellations in Sichuan dialect not only have their own local flavor, but also have the characteristics of Hunan dialect, Jiangxi dialect, Fujian dialect and Hakka dialect. It is reflected in relative appellations such as Bao, the appellation of "Bao" in Sichuan Min dialect, the appellation "elder sister" in Sichuan Hakka dialect, and the appellation "Laobiao", which is used to describe brothers in Sichuan and Jiangxi dialects. The appellation "cub" in Sichuan Xiang dialect. Immigrant culture has created the variety of kinship terms in Sichuan dialect. The complexity and diversity of kinship appellations in Sichuan Mandarin dialect, which will provide important reference for the further study of kinship appellations in Chinese dialects.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H172.3
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