唐诗《春江花月夜》隐喻的认知研究
发布时间：2018-11-27 06:45
【摘要】：张若虚的诗作《春江花月夜》曾被高度赞誉为“孤篇盖全唐”。其语言中隐喻现象非常普遍,承载着丰富诗意、细腻的情感和深邃的哲理。以往对其隐喻的分析主要散见于文学、美学、哲学、音乐艺术鉴赏之中,但未加以系统研究,且仅将其视为诗人刻画春江月色,探求人生哲理,抒发离愁别绪的一种文学修辞,而忽视了其认知本质。 从微观上,作者尝试了将认知隐喻理论用于该诗作中隐喻现象的研究,包括对其分类、成因以及蕴含的阐释。经分析,作者认为根据句法特征该诗作中隐喻可大致分为动词性隐喻、形容词、副词性隐喻和名词性隐喻。其中,动词性隐喻可细分为人体动作和非人体动作的动词隐喻；形容词、副词性隐喻包括量、质和态修饰词隐喻；而名词性隐喻则主要由月隐喻、水隐喻、花树隐喻以及春隐喻组成。该诗作中隐喻的生成与理解主要依赖于诗人所选的词语。汉字的词源分析有助于解释由所选词语构成的语义元素间的表层冲突,同时也利于深入挖掘隐喻的经验根源,尤其是中国古代独特的物质、文化和社会背景。隐喻蕴涵源于读者基于经验域之间的相似性对隐喻的解读。具体而言,动词性隐喻是生命体的动作域向非生命体动作域的投射,因此读者可以借助人体足部或手部动作,抑或动植物动作来理解自然物的运动规律。形容词、副词性隐喻则是具体、可触、有生命的物体域或其动作域向抽象、不可触、无生命的物体域或其动作域的投射,这便于读者以前者的量、质、态来经历后者的量、质、态。名词性隐喻则是自然景观域向情感哲理域的投射,他们具有意象性,且蕴含着丰富的情感和哲理。 从宏观上,作者发现诗歌隐喻的认知分析实质上是一个二元认知过程,包括诗人对隐喻的构建和读者对隐喻蕴含的理解。认知隐喻法使得诗歌隐喻分析系统化,并突出了诗歌鉴赏的认知本质,也增强了鉴赏尤其是诗歌词汇和意象分析的灵活度和动态性。 本文对《春江花月夜》隐喻的认知研究,一方面,论证了隐喻认知理论应用于诗歌分析,尤其中国古典诗歌分析的可行性和有效性；另一方面,也升华了对诗歌隐喻分析的认识,探索了阅读中国古典诗歌的独特视角,从而有助于诗歌学习者突破传统诗歌分析的规约性,更多地联系人的经验世界,拓展更广阔的认知视野。
[Abstract]:Zhang Ruoxu's poem, Spring River Flower Moon Night, was highly acclaimed as an isolated article covering the whole Tang Dynasty. Metaphor is very common in its language, bearing rich poetic, delicate emotion and profound philosophy. In the past, the analysis of its metaphors mainly appeared in the appreciation of literature, aesthetics, philosophy and music, but it was not systematically studied, and it was only regarded as a literary figure of speech in which poets depict the lunar color of the Spring River, seek the philosophy of life, and express their sorrowful moods. And ignore its cognitive nature. From a micro perspective, the author attempts to apply cognitive metaphor theory to the study of metaphor phenomena in the poem, including its classification, causes and interpretation of its implication. Based on the analysis, the author thinks that the metaphor in the poem can be divided into verb metaphor, adjective metaphor, adverb metaphor and nominal metaphor according to their syntactic features. Among them, verb metaphor can be subdivided into verb metaphor of human body action and non-human action, adjective, adverb metaphor includes quantitative, qualitative and state modifier metaphor. The nominal metaphor is mainly composed of moon metaphor, water metaphor, flower and tree metaphor and spring metaphor. The generation and understanding of metaphors in the poem mainly depend on the words chosen by the poet. The etymological analysis of Chinese characters helps to explain the surface conflict between semantic elements composed of selected words, and also helps to dig into the empirical roots of metaphor, especially the unique material, cultural and social background of ancient China. Metaphorical implication originates from the reader's interpretation of metaphor based on the similarity between experience domains. In particular, verb metaphor is the projection from the action domain of the living body to the action field of the non-living body, so the reader can understand the law of the movement of the natural object with the help of the human foot, the hand, or the animal and plant movements. Adjective, adverb metaphor is the projection of concrete, touchable, living object field or its action field to abstract, untouchable, inanimate object field or its action field, which is convenient for readers to experience the quantity and quality of the latter by the quantity, quality and state of the former. State. The nominal metaphor is the projection from the natural landscape domain to the emotional philosophical field. They are imago and rich in emotion and philosophy. From the macro perspective, the author finds that the cognitive analysis of poetic metaphor is essentially a dual cognitive process, including the poet's construction of metaphor and the reader's understanding of metaphorical implication. The cognitive metaphor method systematizes the metaphor analysis of poetry and highlights the cognitive nature of poetry appreciation. It also enhances the flexibility and dynamics of appreciation, especially the analysis of poetry vocabulary and image. On the one hand, this paper demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the application of metaphorical cognitive theory to poetry analysis, especially the analysis of Chinese classical poetry. On the other hand, it also sublimates the understanding of metaphor analysis of poetry and explores the unique perspective of reading Chinese classical poetry, which will help poetry learners break through the convention of traditional poetry analysis and make more contacts in the experiential world. Expand a broader cognitive horizon.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I207.22;H15
[Abstract]:Zhang Ruoxu's poem, Spring River Flower Moon Night, was highly acclaimed as an isolated article covering the whole Tang Dynasty. Metaphor is very common in its language, bearing rich poetic, delicate emotion and profound philosophy. In the past, the analysis of its metaphors mainly appeared in the appreciation of literature, aesthetics, philosophy and music, but it was not systematically studied, and it was only regarded as a literary figure of speech in which poets depict the lunar color of the Spring River, seek the philosophy of life, and express their sorrowful moods. And ignore its cognitive nature. From a micro perspective, the author attempts to apply cognitive metaphor theory to the study of metaphor phenomena in the poem, including its classification, causes and interpretation of its implication. Based on the analysis, the author thinks that the metaphor in the poem can be divided into verb metaphor, adjective metaphor, adverb metaphor and nominal metaphor according to their syntactic features. Among them, verb metaphor can be subdivided into verb metaphor of human body action and non-human action, adjective, adverb metaphor includes quantitative, qualitative and state modifier metaphor. The nominal metaphor is mainly composed of moon metaphor, water metaphor, flower and tree metaphor and spring metaphor. The generation and understanding of metaphors in the poem mainly depend on the words chosen by the poet. The etymological analysis of Chinese characters helps to explain the surface conflict between semantic elements composed of selected words, and also helps to dig into the empirical roots of metaphor, especially the unique material, cultural and social background of ancient China. Metaphorical implication originates from the reader's interpretation of metaphor based on the similarity between experience domains. In particular, verb metaphor is the projection from the action domain of the living body to the action field of the non-living body, so the reader can understand the law of the movement of the natural object with the help of the human foot, the hand, or the animal and plant movements. Adjective, adverb metaphor is the projection of concrete, touchable, living object field or its action field to abstract, untouchable, inanimate object field or its action field, which is convenient for readers to experience the quantity and quality of the latter by the quantity, quality and state of the former. State. The nominal metaphor is the projection from the natural landscape domain to the emotional philosophical field. They are imago and rich in emotion and philosophy. From the macro perspective, the author finds that the cognitive analysis of poetic metaphor is essentially a dual cognitive process, including the poet's construction of metaphor and the reader's understanding of metaphorical implication. The cognitive metaphor method systematizes the metaphor analysis of poetry and highlights the cognitive nature of poetry appreciation. It also enhances the flexibility and dynamics of appreciation, especially the analysis of poetry vocabulary and image. On the one hand, this paper demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the application of metaphorical cognitive theory to poetry analysis, especially the analysis of Chinese classical poetry. On the other hand, it also sublimates the understanding of metaphor analysis of poetry and explores the unique perspective of reading Chinese classical poetry, which will help poetry learners break through the convention of traditional poetry analysis and make more contacts in the experiential world. Expand a broader cognitive horizon.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I207.22;H15
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