汉语“得”字结果式的句法研究

发布时间：2019-01-08 12:16

【摘要】：本文在最简方案的框架下研究“得”的性质，探讨不同“得”字结果式的句法特征及派生过程。“得”字结果式中存在两个“得”。一个为表状态变化的轻动词v（BECOME），一个为表致使的轻动词v*（CAUSE）。两者发音相同，均为词缀式轻动词，具有强[V]特征，吸引主要谓词移到轻动词处核查此特征。“得BECOME”缺少完整的-特征，无法进行格特征的核查，也缺乏外部论元，不是语段中心语，具有EPP特征。“得CAUSE”具有完整的-特征，可以核查格特征，拥有外部论元，是语段中心语。依此，本文进一步分析四类“得”字结果式：作格，使动，及物和不及物。作格和使动结果式存在转化关系，两者均包含“得BECOME”。及物和不及物结果式包含“得CAUSE”，二者的区别之一在于及物结果式中存在由主要谓词和结果小句共同允准的宾语成分。“得”后结果小句的主语可以为显性名词或PRO，结合“得”的性质，可区分出控制结构、例外授格结构与限定小句结构。四类结果式的结构推导均由低至高分语段动态生成。首先从词库中选取所需要的词项，形成词汇矩阵以及词汇次矩阵（语段）。句法选择一个词汇次矩阵，组成短语，穷尽该次矩阵的词项后，该语段的推导结束，语段中心语的语域离开句法，传送到语义和音韵部门获得语义解读和语音拼读。然后进入下一语段的推导。此外，，本文讨论NP1和NP2具有领属关系的“得”字结果式，该类结果式可以是（派生）作格，可以是使动或是及物。最后，本文探讨汉语“得”字结果式与英语结果式在直接宾语限制、题元等级及非宾格-使动转换方面存在的差异。本文在最简方案的框架下对“得”以及“得”字结果式进行尝试性的分析，既论证了“得”字结果式的生成机制，又检验了相关理论假设的概括性和解释力。研究结果表明：所有语言的句法运算系统完全一样，语言间的差异限制在词库中。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we study the properties of "de" in the framework of the simplest scheme, and discuss the syntactic characteristics and derivation process of the resultant forms of different "de" words. There are two "gains" in the result of the word "de". A light verb v (BECOME), for table state change and a light verb v * (CAUSE). For table causation Both have the same pronunciation and are affix light verbs with strong [V] characteristics, attracting the main predicates to be moved to the light verbs to check this feature. "de BECOME" lacks complete-features, can not be checked by case features, and lacks external arguments. It is not the head of a paragraph, but has EPP features. "de CAUSE" has complete-features, verifies case features, has external arguments, and is the head of a paragraph. According to this, this paper further analyzes the result of four kinds of word "get": making case, making action, transitivity and intransitivity. There is a transformation relationship between the lattice and the resultant formula, both of which contain "BECOME". Transitive and intransitive results contain "CAUSE". One of the differences between transitive and intransitive results is that there are object elements in transitive outcome which are permitted by the main predicate and the result clause. The subject of the result clause after "get" can be either a dominant noun or a combination of PRO, and "de", which can distinguish the control structure, the exception case structure and the limited clause structure. The structural derivation of the four kinds of result formulas is generated dynamically from low to high segment. A lexical matrix and a lexical submatrix are formed by selecting the necessary items from the lexicon. Syntax selects a lexical submatrix to form a phrase, and when the word items of the sub-matrix are exhausted, the derivation of the segment is completed, and the register of the segment head leaves the syntax and transmits to the semantic and phonological departments to obtain semantic interpretation and phonetic spelling. Then enter the derivation of the next paragraph. In addition, in this paper, we discuss the resultant formula of NP1 and NP2, which can be (derived), active or transitive. Finally, this paper discusses the differences between Chinese "de" and English "result" in terms of direct object restriction, topic level and unobjective-case transformation. In this paper, we try to analyze the results of "get" and "get" under the framework of the simplest scheme, which not only demonstrates the generating mechanism of the result of "de", but also tests the generality and explanatory power of relevant theoretical assumptions. The results show that the syntactic operation system of all languages is the same, and the differences between languages are restricted in lexicon.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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