表“变化”义“改、变、换”类动词用法和语义研究

发布时间：2019-01-15 08:06

【摘要】：“变化”是客观世界存在的基本形式之一，表“变化”义动词具有客观现实性。“改、变、换”类动词是“变化”义类的典型成员，然而汉语学习者对这类动词的掌握情况并不尽如人意，汉语理论研究和应用研究亦均未对其给予足够的重视。为此，我们选取表“变化”义“改、变、换”类动词中比较常用的14个动词作为研究对象，进行用法和语义的考察分析，旨在引起学界关注，并为第二语言教学提供一定的参考。用法方面，从搭配和类联接角度加以考察。运用基于数据的方法对国家语委“现代汉语语料库”进行语料检索，得出“改、变、换”类动词的主要搭配形式和类联接，并归纳其搭配特点。语义方面，从语义特征、“词义成分词义构成模式”和动词过程结构三个角度进行分析。根据搭配和语义的交互作用，以搭配为依据，概括出“改、变、换”类动词的八组语义特征。继而以这些语义特征和词典释义为基础，运用“词义成分词义构成模式”对14个动词的语义进行形式化的描写，以相对统一的模式呈现词义，，并借鉴动词过程结构进一步解释了“改、变、换”类动词的一些语义特点和语法现象。最后探讨“改、变、换”类动词的对外汉语教学。通过对教材、学习词典和学生偏误的考察，发现问题，并结合前文研究提出改进建议。
[Abstract]:"change" is one of the basic forms of existence in the objective world. The verb of "change, change" is a typical member of the meaning category of "change". However, Chinese learners' grasp of this kind of verb is not satisfactory, and the study of Chinese theory and application has not paid enough attention to it. For this reason, we choose 14 verbs which are commonly used in the category of "change", "change" as the object of study, and investigate and analyze their usage and semantics in order to attract the attention of scholars. And provide a certain reference for the second language teaching. The usage aspect, from collocation and class join angle to examine. In this paper, the data based method is used to retrieve the modern Chinese corpus of the State language Committee, and the main collocation forms and class links of the verbs of "change, change" are obtained, and the collocation characteristics are summarized. In the aspect of semantics, this paper analyzes from three angles: semantic features, semantic structure of lexical components and verb process structure. According to the interaction between collocation and semantics, eight groups of semantic features of verbs of "change, change" are summarized based on collocation. On the basis of these semantic features and lexical interpretation, this paper describes the semantics of 14 verbs formally by using the semantic structure Model of word meaning components, and presents the meaning of the word in a relatively uniform pattern. Some semantic features and grammatical phenomena of "change, change" are further explained by referring to the verb process structure. Finally, this paper discusses the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language in the category of "change, change". Through the investigation of teaching materials, learning dictionaries and students' errors, the problems are found, and suggestions for improvement are put forward in the light of the previous study.
【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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