广西贺州市鹅塘镇语言生活调查研究

发布时间：2019-01-16 02:32

【摘要】：贺州市位于湘、粤、桂三省交界地带,汉族与壮族、瑶族等少数民族长期居住在一起,是典型的多民族、多族群杂居地区。而对贺州的语言研究,主要还是以本体研究为主,对这种多民族、多族群杂居地区的语言生活调查研究还不够深入。为此本文在田野调查的基础之上,运用社会语言学的方法和理论知识,以鹅塘镇的语言生活作为典型个案,对其进行较为全面地调查研究。鹅塘镇是一个典型的多族群杂居的小镇,每个族群都有自己的语言,但同时也兼用其他族群语言,其语言生活非常丰富,汉语方言—本地话和客家话是各族群互相沟通的主要交际工具。本文以鹅塘镇的本地人、客家人、桂柳人、广府人、都人、壮族以及瑶族这七个族群的成人与学生群体作为调查对象,以实地的调查问卷、入户访谈、全程跟踪录音的方式获取第一手材料,分析该镇各族群居民的语言使用、语言能力、语言态度、族群与语言之间的关系,探讨性别、年龄因素对鹅塘镇居民的语言使用和语言态度所造成的影响。调查结果表明鹅塘镇各族群人们都具有很强的语言能力,90%以上的调查对象都是双语或多语使用者,尤其是弱势族群人们的语言能力普遍高于当地的强势族群。在语言使用上,人们根据交际场合以及交际对象的不同而选用不同的语言。但不管是哪个族群,在家庭场合中主要以使用本族群的母语为主,同时也兼用本地的强势方言—本地话和客家话；而在社区场合中,普通话和当地的强势方言—本地话和客家话则占据了主导地位。而弱势族群的母语,已经退回到家庭场合的交际范围之中,社区场合中已很难找到它们的立足之地。在语言互动上,不管是在家庭还是市场交易场合中,都处于非常活跃的态势,语言的交替使用非常频繁。语言态度上,鹅塘镇居民对母语的情感认同普遍高于交际功能的认同；反之,对普通话的交际功能认同高于情感认同。通过分析研究发现性别和年龄是影响鹅塘镇居民语言使用和语言态度的重要因素。由于性别以及年龄段的不同,人们在语言使用以及语言态度上也表现出极大的差异性。在语言关系与族群关系上,由于鹅塘镇和谐的族群关系的引导,各族群语言也是和谐相处,分工合作,共同发展。本文调查研究以详实的数据统计为基础,从多角度、多层次对鹅塘语言生活展开分析讨论,力求得出较为科学的研究结果。从宏观与微观相结合的角度对贺州市鹅塘镇语言生活进行全面的调查研究,从而对进一步探讨多族群杂居地区的双语教育以及弱势族群语言的保护,制定确切可行的语言文字政策提供一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Hezhou is located in the border area of Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. The Han nationality, Zhuang nationality, Yao nationality and other minority nationalities live together for a long time. However, the linguistic research of Hezhou is mainly based on ontology, and the investigation and research on language life in this multi-ethnic and multi-ethnic area is not enough. On the basis of field investigation, this paper, using sociolinguistic methods and theoretical knowledge, takes the language life of Yantang Town as a typical case, and makes a more comprehensive investigation and study on it. Yantang Town is a typical multi-ethnic town. Each ethnic group has its own language, but at the same time it also uses other ethnic languages, and its language life is very rich. Chinese dialects-Local dialect and Hakka dialect are the main means of communication between different ethnic groups. This article takes the local people, Hakka, Guiliu, Guangfu, Dudu, Zhuang and Yao as the objects of investigation. The way to track the recording is to obtain first-hand materials, analyze the language use, language ability, language attitude, the relationship between ethnic groups and languages, and discuss the gender of the residents of the town. The influence of age factors on language use and language attitude of residents in Yantang Town. The results show that all ethnic groups in Goantang have strong language ability, and more than 90% of the respondents are bilingual or multilingual users, especially the weak people generally have higher language ability than the local strong ones. In the use of language, people choose different languages according to the communication situation and the different communication object. However, no matter which ethnic group it is, the native language is mainly used in the family context, and at the same time, it also uses the strong local dialects-local dialect and Hakka dialect. In community, Putonghua and local strong dialects-local dialect and Hakka dialect play a dominant role. The mother tongue of the disadvantaged groups has retreated to the scope of family communication, and it is difficult to find their foothold in the community. Language interaction, whether in the home or in the market, is very active, language use is very frequent. In terms of language attitude, the emotional identity of the native language is generally higher than that of the communicative function; conversely, the identity of the communicative function of Putonghua is higher than that of the emotional identity. It is found that gender and age are important factors affecting language use and language attitude. Because of gender and age difference, people also show great difference in language use and language attitude. In terms of language relationship and ethnic group relationship, due to the guidance of harmonious ethnic relations in Goantang Town, the languages of all ethnic groups live in harmony, work together and develop together. On the basis of detailed data and statistics, this paper analyzes and discusses the language life of goose pond from many angles and levels, and tries to get more scientific results. A comprehensive investigation and study on language life in Goantang Town, Hezhou City, from the angle of macro and micro, so as to further explore bilingual education and the protection of the language of vulnerable ethnic groups in multi-ethnic mixed areas. The formulation of exact and feasible language policy provides certain guiding significance.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H102;H0-05

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