罗蒂真理观的语境化趋向

发布时间：2019-01-27 08:06

【摘要】：自古以来,真理是以人们追求确定性目标的身份存在,人们一直走在追求真理的路途中。在真理的发展过程中,符合论真理观和实用主义真理观对罗蒂真理观的形成影响较大。罗蒂认为,传统认识论从主客二分出发,强调主观与客观、心物二分的对应、表象与实在相符合的真理观是不合理的,这种片面崇尚理性,追求客观性知识的真理观给人类带来了深重的灾难,它远离了人们的日常生活,压抑了人性的发展。罗蒂指出分析哲学是康德哲学的新变种,其本质是强调语言与世界的对应性代替了传统认识论心灵与世界的对应性,通过不断的逻辑分析来擦亮“语言”这面镜子来准确的反映世界的图景,这样并不能解决人类的日常生活问题。在罗蒂的著作《哲学与自然之境》中表明,罗蒂从分析哲学阵营转向实用主义阵营,他用分析哲学的语言指出了分析哲学发展的症结所在,从分析哲学的支持者转变为叛逆者。罗蒂在批判符合论真理观的过程中引入实用主义为西方哲学的发展注入了新鲜的血液,他综合了分析哲学严谨的科学态度、严密的逻辑分析和欧洲大陆哲学注重人性发展,动态的、历史的看待哲学问题,把所有的人类活动全部置于一定的语境、时空、和历史中,一切都成为暂时的、偶然的东西,全部都语言化了。他提出要在语境的基底上,综合语形、语义、语用多角度的分析语言,真理是语言使用中的功能对话,是人类社会的普遍信念,它的核心是现实中动态交流的一致性,强调真理的语境化趋向。罗蒂是现代哲学家中备受争议的一位学者,有赞美者,亦有贬斥者。一些学者指出,罗蒂真理观说出了哲学科学化所忽略的人的方面；而另一些学者把罗蒂实用主义真理观说成是相对主义,认为罗蒂用动态的、暂时的、偶然的方法分析解决问题相当于什么也没说,这种观点没有任何意义。但是,罗蒂作为传统哲学的反叛者,站在反基础主义、反本质主义和反表象主义的基础上对传统哲学、真理以及语言的怀疑,为我们研究再述这些概念提供了一套新的思维方式。他真理观中的实用主义思想,隐喻观,以及建立在自然主义基础上的语言观,以语词的自由选择为途径,以语境为基底的哲学思想值得我们深思。他的真理观在某种层面与“后现代”理论有着一定的关联性和相似性,代表着哲学发展的未来走向,体现着哲学发展的某种趋势,值得我们深入研究。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, truth has existed as people's pursuit of certainty, and people have been pursuing truth all the time. In the course of the development of truth, the theory of truth and pragmatism have a great influence on the formation of Rorty's view of truth. According to Rorty, the traditional epistemology starts from the dichotomy between subject and object, emphasizes the correspondence between subjective and objective, the correspondence between mind and object, and the correspondence between appearance and reality. This kind of one-sided respect for rationality is unreasonable. The truth view of the pursuit of objective knowledge has brought a deep disaster to human beings, which is far from people's daily life and suppresses the development of human nature. Rorty pointed out that analytical philosophy is a new variant of Kant's philosophy, whose essence is to emphasize the correspondence between language and the world instead of the traditional epistemological correspondence between the mind and the world. Continuous logical analysis to polish the mirror of "language" to accurately reflect the picture of the world, this can not solve the problems of human daily life. In his book philosophy and Nature, Rorty shows that Rorty has changed from analytical philosophy to pragmatism. He points out the crux of the development of analytical philosophy by using the language of analytic philosophy, and turns from a supporter of analytical philosophy to a rebel. In the process of criticizing the theory of truth, Rorty introduced pragmatism into the development of western philosophy. He integrated the rigorous scientific attitude of analytical philosophy, the rigorous logical analysis and the European continental philosophy to pay attention to the development of human nature. Dynamic, historical view of philosophical issues, all human activities in a certain context, time and space, and history, everything is temporary, accidental things, all the language. He put forward that on the basis of context, we should analyze language from various angles of form, semantics and pragmatics. Truth is a functional dialogue in language use and a universal belief in human society. Its core is the consistency of dynamic communication in reality. The tendency to emphasize the contextualization of truth. Rorty is a controversial scholar among modern philosophers, both admirers and deniers. Some scholars have pointed out that Rorty's view of truth speaks out the human aspect neglected by the scientization of philosophy. Some other scholars regard Rorty's pragmatism as relativism, and think that it is meaningless to analyze and solve problems by dynamic, temporary and accidental methods. However, as a rebel of traditional philosophy, Rorty's doubts about traditional philosophy, truth and language are based on anti-foundationalism, anti-essentialism and anti-representativism. It provides a new way of thinking for us to study and restate these concepts. The pragmatism, metaphor and language view based on naturalism in his view of truth are worthy of our deep thinking, which takes the free choice of words as the way and context as the base. His theory of truth has certain relevance and similarity with "postmodernism" theory on a certain level, which represents the future trend of philosophy development and reflects a certain trend of philosophy development, which is worthy of further study.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B023.3;H030

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