现代汉语混合型字母词研究

发布时间：2019-02-13 11:43

【摘要】：随着改革开放的深入和全球化的不断推进，新事物、新概念的产生开始爆炸式地增长，混合型字母词正是在此时开始大量出现，并在人们的日常生活中被广泛使用。不过，学界至今还鲜有对混合型字母词进行单独研究的，本文拟在吸收前人关于字母词研究优秀成果的基础上，运用“结构主义”、“三个平面”、“社会语言学”的相关语法理论，通过梳理现实语料和借鉴新世纪出版的三本字母词词典，在对大量语料进行整理、分类、归纳和综合的基础上，对混合型字母词的界定、产生原因和发展历程、特点、规范等方面进行详尽的研究。本文将首先在厘清混合型字母词和外来词、缩略语、网络流行语关系的基础上，初步定义混合型字母词，认为混合型字母词是中外交流碰撞产生的结果，是汉语面对外来语大量入侵不得已而为之的一种妥协；其次分析混合型字母词产生的原因和发展历程，认为混合型字母词的产生是为满足新时期汉语表达需要和语用需求，在符合语言经济原则前提下，对语言自身的一种合理调整，其发展也经历了准备、积累和快速发展三个不同的阶段；再次从组成格式、语音形式、结构关系、意义表达、语法功能、应用领域等不同角度对混合型字母词进行详细的分析，认为组成格式方面由“字母”和“汉字”组成，且“字母”在“汉字”前是其最典型的格式，语音形式方面存在音素的改变、声调的添加、字母部分连读并受双音化趋势影响等特点，结构关系方面主要分为复合式和附加式两种，意义表达方面发生了义项的脱落、意义的扩大和转移、色彩意义的附加等，语法功能方面以名词居多，多作主宾定，也可作谓状补，且字母部分发生了形态的弱化，活用现象和类推构词也较常见，应用领域方面开始从专业领域向生活、经济、教育、网络等各个领域进行渗透；最后归纳混合型字母词在使用过程中的主要问题，提出规范的主要原则，从读音、书写和使用的不同角度提出具体规范，认为对于该类词亟需国家出台相关的指导性规范，从读音、书写和使用等不同方面入手，统一标准，只有这样才能尽量避免在使用过程中出现的各种问题，使其真正方便、高效地为我所用。混合型字母词的产生和发展并非转瞬即逝，它已成为汉语词汇系统的重要组成部分，可以预见它将在人们今后的语言生活中扮演更加重要的角色，，亟待我们更进一步的研究。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of reform and opening up and the continuous promotion of globalization, the emergence of new things and new concepts began to grow explosively. The mixed alphabet appeared in large numbers at this time, and was widely used in people's daily life. However, few scholars have studied mixed alphabetic words alone. This paper intends to use "structuralism" and "three planes" on the basis of absorbing the outstanding achievements of previous studies on alphabetic words. The relevant grammatical theories of Sociolinguistics, by combing the realistic corpus and drawing lessons from the three alphabet dictionaries published in the new century, on the basis of arranging, classifying, summarizing and synthesizing a large number of corpus, the definition of mixed alphabet words is given. Causes and development of the process, characteristics, norms and other aspects of detailed research. On the basis of clarifying the relationship between mixed letter words, loanwords, acronyms and network popular words, this paper will initially define the mixed letter words, and think that the mixed letter words are the result of the collision between Chinese and foreign countries. It is a kind of compromise that Chinese has to do in the face of a large number of foreign language invasion. Secondly, by analyzing the causes and development of mixed alphabetic words, it is concluded that the generation of mixed alphabetic words is a reasonable adjustment of language itself in order to meet the needs of Chinese expression and pragmatics in the new era and in line with the principle of language economy. Its development also experienced three different stages: preparation, accumulation and rapid development. Thirdly, from different angles of composition format, phonetic form, structure relation, meaning expression, grammatical function, application field and so on, the author makes a detailed analysis of mixed alphabetic words, and thinks that the composition format is composed of "letter" and "Chinese character". The "letter" is the most typical form before "Chinese character". Phoneme changes, tone addition, alphabetic partial linking and being influenced by the trend of dichotomization exist in phonetic form, and so on. The structural relations are mainly divided into two types: compound type and additional type. In the aspect of meaning expression, the meaning falls off, the meaning expands and transfers, the color meaning is added, and the grammatical function is dominated by nouns. It can also be used as predicate complement, and the form of the letter is weakened, the phenomenon of active use and analogies are also more common. The application field begins to infiltrate from the professional field to the life, economy, education, network and other fields. Finally, the main problems in the process of use of mixed alphabet words are summarized, and the main principles of norms are put forward, and the specific norms are put forward from different angles of pronunciation, writing and use. The author thinks that there is an urgent need for the state to issue relevant guiding norms for this kind of words. From different aspects, such as pronunciation, writing and using, the standard is unified. Only in this way can we avoid all kinds of problems in the process of using, and make it really convenient and efficient for us to use. The emergence and development of mixed alphabetic words is not fleeting, it has become an important part of Chinese lexical system, it can be predicted that it will play a more important role in people's language life in the future.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136

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