身体部位与早期习得的汉语动词的联结及其对动词习得年龄的影响

发布时间：2019-02-15 20:23

【摘要】：在英语等语言中,动词习得被认为比名词习得更困难,而汉语儿童在3岁以前却习得了大量动词,仅表现出微弱的"名词优势"。Ma,Golinkoff,Hirsh-Pasek,McDonough和Tardif(2009)发现,早期习得的汉语动词比英语动词具有更高的可表象性,且可表象性可部分解释两种语言中动词习得年龄的变异。但是,目前尚未有研究揭示汉语动词为何具有较高的可表象性。本研究假设,早期动词与身体部位具有强烈的联结关系,从而导致汉语动词具有较高的可表象性。研究1通过成人词汇联想任务,考察了汉语儿童早期习得的169个行为动词与身体区域的联结关系。研究2请成人评定了这些动词的可表象性,进一步考察动词-身体部位联结、可表象性和习得年龄之间的关系。研究结果验证了我们的假设。研究发现:1)汉语儿童早期习得的大部分动词都与特定身体区域有联结关系;2)汉语儿童先习得关于手部区域(包括手和手臂)的动词,其次是关于口部、腿部以及其他身体区域的动词;3)动词联结的身体区域数可解释可表象性12%的变异;4)动词-身体部位联结关系以可表象性为部分中介作用,影响早期动词的习得年龄。研究结果表明,汉语儿童早期习得动词与身体区域有较一致的联结关系,且联结强度通过提高动词的可表象性而影响习得年龄。该结果对解释为何汉语儿童早期习得大量动词具有一定的启示作用。
[Abstract]:In English and other languages, verb acquisition is considered to be more difficult than noun acquisition, while Chinese children acquire a large number of verbs before they are 3 years old, showing only a weak "noun advantage". Ma,Golinkoff,Hirsh-Pasek,McDonough and Tardif (2009) found that The early acquisition of Chinese verbs has higher expressiveness than English verbs, and representability partly explains the variation of verb acquisition age in the two languages. However, no research has been done to reveal why Chinese verbs have higher expressiveness. This study assumes that the early verbs have a strong association with the body parts, which leads to the high expressiveness of Chinese verbs. Study 1 examined the association between 169 behavioral verbs and body regions in Chinese children's early acquisition by using adult lexical associative tasks. In study 2, adults were asked to evaluate the representability of these verbs, and to further investigate the relationship between verb-body part association, representability and acquisition age. The results confirm our hypothesis. The findings are as follows: 1) most verbs acquired by Chinese children in their early stages are related to specific body regions; (2) Chinese children first acquire verbs about the hand region (including hands and arms), followed by verbs about mouth, legs and other body regions, 3) the number of body areas associated with verbs can explain 12% variation of representability; 4) the relationship between verb and body part is partly mediated by representability, which affects the acquisition age of early verbs. The results show that there is a consistent association relationship between verb acquisition and body area in Chinese children, and the intensity of association affects the acquisition age by improving the expressiveness of verbs. The results are helpful to explain why Chinese children acquire a large number of verbs in their early stages.
【作者单位】：中国科学院心理研究所;山西大学教育科学学院;
【基金】：中国科学院重点部署项目(KJZD-EW-L04) 国家自然科学基金项目(31070917)资助
【分类号】：H193.1

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