汉语中动结构研究
发布时间：2019-02-18 20:59
【摘要】：本文在最简方案框架下研究了汉语中动结构的派生过程及其所受到的制约条件,并探讨了汉语中动结构的句法、语义特征。汉语中动结构区分典型与非典型。典型汉语中动结构的派生经历两次移位:带有强语素特征的轻动词v吸引下层的中动词“V+qilai”并入，中动词的补足语NP从内论元位置移到Spec-T的位置核查主格，成为形式上的主语。非典型汉语中动结构中的附加语中动结构与典型汉语中动结构的派生过程基本一致，带显性情态动词的非典型汉语中动结构的派生则涉及两个轻动词,经历了三次移位:中动词上移并入轻动词v1；情态动词上移并入轻动词v2；动词的内主目语移至标志语的位置获取格。汉语中动结构的派生主要受影响效应限制、中动词的时体限制及附加语选择限制，具体表现为：该结构的主语必须受到中动词语义上的直接影响；表状态或结果的动词不能出现在此结构中；就其附加语而言，只有语义上指向受事的形容词和非自主的指向施事的形容词才能进入该结构。从句法层面看，汉语中动结构具有主语提升和附加语修饰等特征，，其主语并不是施事，而是受事、工具或处所名词提升上来的，同时该结构的成立需要附加语或者显性情态动词的修饰。从语义层面看，汉语中动结构具有情态概念和泛指性等特征，其施事是隐含的，具有任意性，因而该结构不描述具体的事件，而是表述受事主语的某种内在特征或能力倾向。 依此，本文分析了汉英中动结构的共性与个性，并尝试在最简理论框架内对汉英中动结构给出统一的解释。典型和附加语汉英中动结构的派生过程大致相同，在派生中都经历了两次移位，首先是中动词上移并入轻动词，然后是动词内主目语移到标志语的位置以获取格。同时，汉英中动结构也有着相似的句法语义特征，但由于汉语本身的特殊性，汉语中动结构比英语中动结构更多产，二者的附加语存在显著差异，且汉语中动结构不允许动补复合短语进入。通过研究，我们发现汉语中动结构的派生及句法语义特征具有普遍意义。虽然汉英中动结构存在一定差异，但二者的基本特征是相同的。我们希望本研究有助于进一步了解中动结构这种跨语言现象。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we study the derivation process of Chinese middle verb structure and its restricted conditions, and discuss the syntactic and semantic features of Chinese middle verb structure under the framework of the simplest scheme. Chinese middle-verb structure distinguishes between typical and non-typical. The derivation of verb structure in typical Chinese has experienced two shifts: the light verb v with strong morpheme features attracts the lower middle verb "V qilai" to be merged, and the complement NP of the middle verb moves from the position of inner argument to the position of Spec-T to check the subject case. Become a formal subject. The derivation process of the verb structure in the adjunct in atypical Chinese is basically the same as that in the middle verb in the typical Chinese. The derivation of the verb structure in the non-typical Chinese with explicit modal verbs involves two light verbs. It experienced three shifts: the middle verb moved up and merged with the light verb v1; The modal verb is moved upward into the light verb v2; the internal subject of the verb is moved to the position of the marker to obtain the case. The derivation of the verb structure in Chinese is mainly restricted by the influence effect, the tense and aspect limitation of the middle verb and the choice of additional language, which are manifested in the following aspects: the subject of the structure must be directly influenced by the semantic meaning of the Chinese verb; Verbs that indicate state or result cannot appear in this structure; as far as the add-on is concerned, only the adjectives semantically pointing to the patient and the adjectives that are involuntary to the agent can enter the structure. From the syntactic point of view, the verb structure in Chinese has the characteristics of subject promotion and adjunct modification, and its subject is not the agent, but the recipient, the tool or the local noun. At the same time, the establishment of the structure requires the modification of adjuncts or explicit modal verbs. From the semantic point of view, the motile structure in Chinese has the characteristics of modal concept and generality, and its agent is implicit and arbitrary. Therefore, the structure does not describe specific events, but rather expresses some inherent characteristics or ability tendency of subject. Based on this, this paper analyzes the commonness and individuality of Chinese and English dynamic structures, and tries to give a unified explanation of Chinese and English dynamic structures within the framework of the simplest theory. The derivation process of Chinese and English verb structures is similar to that of Chinese and English adjuncts. In the process of derivation, they have experienced two shifts, one is that the middle verbs are moved upward into light verbs, and the other is that the main object of the verbs moves to the position of the markers to obtain the case. At the same time, Chinese and English middle verb structures also have similar syntactic and semantic features. However, due to the particularity of Chinese, Chinese middle verb structures are more productive than English ones, and there are significant differences between them. In Chinese, the verb-complement compound phrase is not allowed to enter. Through the study, we find that the derivation and syntactic and semantic features of Chinese verb structures are of universal significance. Although there are some differences between Chinese and English, the basic characteristics of them are the same. We hope that this study will contribute to the understanding of this cross-linguistic phenomenon.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146
本文编号：2426204
[Abstract]:In this paper, we study the derivation process of Chinese middle verb structure and its restricted conditions, and discuss the syntactic and semantic features of Chinese middle verb structure under the framework of the simplest scheme. Chinese middle-verb structure distinguishes between typical and non-typical. The derivation of verb structure in typical Chinese has experienced two shifts: the light verb v with strong morpheme features attracts the lower middle verb "V qilai" to be merged, and the complement NP of the middle verb moves from the position of inner argument to the position of Spec-T to check the subject case. Become a formal subject. The derivation process of the verb structure in the adjunct in atypical Chinese is basically the same as that in the middle verb in the typical Chinese. The derivation of the verb structure in the non-typical Chinese with explicit modal verbs involves two light verbs. It experienced three shifts: the middle verb moved up and merged with the light verb v1; The modal verb is moved upward into the light verb v2; the internal subject of the verb is moved to the position of the marker to obtain the case. The derivation of the verb structure in Chinese is mainly restricted by the influence effect, the tense and aspect limitation of the middle verb and the choice of additional language, which are manifested in the following aspects: the subject of the structure must be directly influenced by the semantic meaning of the Chinese verb; Verbs that indicate state or result cannot appear in this structure; as far as the add-on is concerned, only the adjectives semantically pointing to the patient and the adjectives that are involuntary to the agent can enter the structure. From the syntactic point of view, the verb structure in Chinese has the characteristics of subject promotion and adjunct modification, and its subject is not the agent, but the recipient, the tool or the local noun. At the same time, the establishment of the structure requires the modification of adjuncts or explicit modal verbs. From the semantic point of view, the motile structure in Chinese has the characteristics of modal concept and generality, and its agent is implicit and arbitrary. Therefore, the structure does not describe specific events, but rather expresses some inherent characteristics or ability tendency of subject. Based on this, this paper analyzes the commonness and individuality of Chinese and English dynamic structures, and tries to give a unified explanation of Chinese and English dynamic structures within the framework of the simplest theory. The derivation process of Chinese and English verb structures is similar to that of Chinese and English adjuncts. In the process of derivation, they have experienced two shifts, one is that the middle verbs are moved upward into light verbs, and the other is that the main object of the verbs moves to the position of the markers to obtain the case. At the same time, Chinese and English middle verb structures also have similar syntactic and semantic features. However, due to the particularity of Chinese, Chinese middle verb structures are more productive than English ones, and there are significant differences between them. In Chinese, the verb-complement compound phrase is not allowed to enter. Through the study, we find that the derivation and syntactic and semantic features of Chinese verb structures are of universal significance. Although there are some differences between Chinese and English, the basic characteristics of them are the same. We hope that this study will contribute to the understanding of this cross-linguistic phenomenon.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 高兴刚;英语中间结构辨析[J];广州大学学报(综合版);2001年07期
2 蓝红军;;英汉中动结构的对比研究[J];江苏科技大学学报(社会科学版);2007年02期
3 鲁曼;;英语中动句研究[J];湖南大学学报(社会科学版);2006年02期
4 古川裕;;现代汉语的“中动语态句式”——语态变换的句法实现和词法实现[J];汉语学报;2005年02期
5 韩景泉,何建珍;评高兴刚的中间结构分析[J];解放军外国语学院学报;2004年01期
6 严峻;;语言核查理论的计算机实现[J];南京工业职业技术学院学报;2009年02期
7 伍雅清;英汉语比较研究的两个问题[J];外语学刊;2000年01期
8 戴曼纯;中动结构的句法特征[J];外语学刊;2001年04期
9 纪小凌;;再论汉语的中间结构[J];上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版);2006年06期
10 徐盛桓;英语主语受事句[J];外语教学与研究;1981年02期
本文编号：2426204
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/wenyilunwen/yuyanxuelw/2426204.html
