文学艺术与语言符号的区别与联系

发布时间：2019-02-26 10:26

【摘要】：根据索绪尔的观点,包括语言在内的符号系统是由可供辨识的"能指"和具有意义的"所指"组成的。而"能指"和"所指"之间的关系又是任意的,是作为特定社会群体的人们"约定俗成"的。按照这一标准,艺术作品虽然具有可供辨识的形式特征,而且这些形式也要承载一定的意义,但其"形式"和"意义"之间的关系却不是任意的,也不是"约定俗成"的。正是由于艺术作品并非严格意义上的符号,所以在欣赏中往往会产生解释不清的意义纠纷,与此同时又可能获得超越民族的情感共鸣。作为一种特殊的艺术门类,文学恰恰是以语言符号为载体的,文学的这一符号特征使之比其他艺术门类有着更多的传达社会信息的可能性,与此同时也限定了其跨越民族语言而进行传播和欣赏的可能性。更为重要的是,文学之所以能够成为艺术的一个门类,是由于其具有借助语言而超越语言、借助符号而超越符号的特殊意义。
[Abstract]:According to Saussure, symbolic systems, including language, are composed of identifiable "signifiers" and meaningful "signifiers". And the relationship between "signifier" and "signifier" is arbitrary, as a specific social group of people "custom-made". According to this standard, although artistic works have identifiable formal characteristics and bear certain meanings, the relationship between "form" and "meaning" is not arbitrary, nor is it "custom-made". It is precisely because artistic works are not strictly symbolic that there is often an ambiguous meaning dispute in appreciation, and at the same time, it is possible to gain emotional resonance beyond the nation. As a special category of art, literature is precisely carried by linguistic symbols, which makes it more likely to convey social information than other artistic categories. At the same time, it also limits the possibility of spreading and appreciating across national languages. More importantly, the reason why literature can become a category of art is that it has the special meaning of transcending language with the aid of language and transcending the symbol with the aid of symbol.
【作者单位】：山东大学文艺美学中心;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大课题“文明的结构与艺术的功能”的阶段性成果,批号:07JJD751079
【分类号】：H0

【共引文献】