《东观汉记》副词系统研究

发布时间：2019-02-25 20:47

【摘要】：本论文以吴树平校注的《东观汉记校注》副词作为研究对象。今人对《东观汉记》的研究主要集中在校勘注释方面，目前还没有人对《东观汉记》词类语法方面进行系统全面地考察。本文通过穷尽式调查方法，，首次对《东观汉记》的副词作了全面地分析和整理，属于专书语法研究。通过统计和分析，我们发现《东观汉记》共有副词167个，分成时间副词、程度副词、范围副词、否定副词、语气副词、谦敬副词和情状副词七类。其中时间副词的词量最多，共61个；否定副词出现的频率最高，共1406次，占全部副词出现总频率（4092次）的34.4%。通过对《东观汉记》每个副词的使用频率、位置的记录分析，发现《东观汉记》各类副词集中分布在谓语前后，特别是位于动词性谓语前。时间副词主要用在谓语前，约占83.2%，其中用在动词性谓语前902次，约占76.5%；程度副词用在谓语前249次，约占使用总次数的92.9%，主要用在动词性谓语前，约占55.2%；范围副词用在谓语前共计594次，约占使用总数的88.4%，其中用在动词性谓语前482次，约占使用总数的71.7%；否定副词用在谓语前1335次，约占94.95%，并且主要用在动词性谓语前，约占83.93%；语气副词用在谓语前267次，约占使用总次数的85.6%，其中用在动词性谓语前250次，约占使用总次数的80.1%；谦敬副词用在谓语前约占使用总次数的95.6%，其中用在动词性谓语前约占使用总次数的73.1%；情状副词用在谓语前186次，约占使用总次数的98.9%，其中用在动词性谓语前184次，约占使用总次数97.9%。其次我们还发现《东观汉记》各类副词内部使用不平衡，单音节副词明显多于复音节副词占绝对优势。另外《东观汉记》中见于上古汉语的副词出现频率较高，中古时期新兴的副词，出现频率较低。通过对《东观汉记》副词系统的研究，可以观察中古汉语副词的基本使用情况，看出汉语副词是一个比较稳定的系统，大部分词汇被继承并被一直沿用，同时又有新的副词产生，不断变化丰富词汇系统。
[Abstract]:This thesis focuses on the adverbs of Wu Shuping's Annotation of East China. At present, the study of Dongguan Han Ji is mainly focused on the collation annotation, but no one has made a systematic and comprehensive investigation on the grammar of the parts of speech in Dongguan Han Ji at present. By means of exhaustive investigation, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis and arrangement of the adverbs of Dongguan Han Ji for the first time, which belongs to the study of the grammar of the special book. Through statistics and analysis, we find that there are 167 adverbs, which are divided into seven categories: time adverbs, degree adverbs, scope adverbs, negative adverbs, mood adverbs, humble adverbs and modal adverbs. The frequency of negative adverbs was the highest, 1406 times, accounting for 34.4% of the total frequency (4092 times) of all adverbs. Based on the analysis of the usage frequency and position of each adverb in Dongguan Han Ji, it is found that all kinds of adverbs are concentrated before and after predicate, especially in front of verb predicate. Time adverbs are mainly used before predicate, accounting for about 83.2%, among which, it is used in the first 902 times of verb-part predicate, accounting for about 76.5%; Degree adverbs are used 249 times before predicate, accounting for 92.9% of the total number of times used, mainly used before verb-part predicate, accounting for about 55.2%; Range adverbs were used in 594 times before predicate, accounting for 88.4% of the total usage, of which 482 times were used before verb-part predicate, accounting for 71.7% of the total usage; Negative adverbs are used 1335 times before predicate, accounting for 94.95%, and mainly used before verb-part predicate, accounting for 83.93%; Mood adverbs were used in 267 times before predicate, accounting for 85.6% of the total usage times, among which 250 times were used before verb-part predicates, accounting for 80.1% of the total usage times; The use of humility adverbs is about 95.6% of the total number of times used before predicate, of which 73.1% is used before verb-part predicate; Situational adverbs are used 186 times before predicate, accounting for 98.9% of the total usage times, among which 184 times are used before verb-part predicates, accounting for 97.9% of the total usage times. Secondly, we also find that the use of adverbs in Dongguan Han Ji is unbalanced, and the monosyllabic adverbs are obviously more than the complex adverbs. In addition, the frequency of adverbs found in ancient Chinese is higher in Dongguan Han Ji, and the frequency of adverbs emerging in middle ancient times is lower. Through the study of the adverb system of Dongguan Han Ji, we can observe the basic use of adverbs in middle ancient Chinese. We can see that Chinese adverbs are a relatively stable system, and most of the words are inherited and used all the time. At the same time, there are new adverbs, constantly changing the vocabulary system.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H141

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