基于用户视角的《现代汉语词典》名词释义元语言研究

发布时间：2019-03-01 12:12

【摘要】：释义是词典编纂的核心工作，释义的准确与充分是词典编纂必须要达到的标准。释义元语言是执行释义行为的工具，因此，研究词典的释义元语言极具理论和现实意义。《现代汉语词典》（第6版）是目前学界认可度最高、读者最可信赖的现代汉语词典，也是我国目前最具权威性的中型语文词典。《现汉》自问世以来，备受赞誉，但这并不能说其完已经完美无瑕。围绕《现汉》的选词、注音、字形、释义等方面的研究成果颇多，但从用户视角出发来探讨《现汉》中名词释义元语言的大规模专门研究还很少。由此，本研究将整合词典功能观和词典交际论，以用户研究为切入点，以《现汉》（第6版）中的名词为研究对象，对其释义模式进行封闭式和穷尽式的考查，以期找出名词释义元语言与被释词之间的语法关系，从而找到释义元语言的释义规则和句法语义规则。经过理论分析和实证调查，本研究发现：一、双音节合成名词释义元语言的句法语义结构： 1.词语对释这种释义方式最为方便，也最为经济。根据释义词的结构类型，，可以分为以下三类：(1)单词释义；(2)双词释义；(3)附加释义。在字母A和B下面，共有1417个双音节合成名词，其中243个采用词语对释的方式进行释义，约占17.1%，而使用单词释义的最多，约占70%. 2.短语释义这种释义方式主要分为两类：以偏正结构短语释义和以并列结构短语释义。其中又以偏正结构短语释义为主。 3.语句式释义根据释义元语言的内部结构和句法语义特征，该释义方式可以分为定义式释义和解说式释义。二、指出《现汉》中名词释义元语言存在的问题，并从用户视角给出一些修改建议，以完善词典释义。三、总结了《现汉》中名词释义元语言句法语义规则的建构原则。本研究极具理论和现实意义。在理论上，立足于词典功能观和词典交际论的相关理论，本研究系统构建了基于用户视角来研究释义元语言的新型研究范式，这不仅拓展了用户研究的结构模式，还完善了理论词典学的研究内容和知识体系。在实践上，本研究通过翔实的例证全面描述了如何从用户视角来改善释义元语言的结构和用词，这将为语文词典的编纂和后期修订提供指导和帮助。
[Abstract]:Interpretation is the core work of dictionary compilation, and the accuracy and adequacy of interpretation is the standard that must be met in dictionary compilation. The interpretive metalanguage is a tool for the execution of interpretive behavior, so it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the interpretive metalanguage of dictionaries. The Modern Chinese Dictionary (6th Edition) is the most recognized modern Chinese dictionary and the most reliable dictionary for readers at present. It is also the most authoritative medium-sized Chinese dictionary in our country. It has been highly praised since its inception, but it cannot be said that it has been immaculate. There have been a lot of research achievements on the selection of words, phonetic notes, glyphs and definitions in Modern Chinese, but there are few researches on the metalinguistics of nouns from the perspective of users on a large scale. Therefore, this research will integrate the dictionary function view and dictionary communication theory, take the user research as the starting point, take the nouns in the present Han (6th edition) as the research object, and carry on the closed and exhaustive examination to its interpretation mode. In order to find out the grammatical relationship between the metalanguage of nouns and the paraphrase, so as to find out the rules of interpretation and the rules of sentence and French meanings of the metalanguage of nouns. Through theoretical analysis and empirical investigation, the results of this study are as follows: 1. Syntactic and semantic structure of disyllabic synonymous noun metalanguage: 1. Words are the most convenient and economical way of interpretation. According to the structural types of explanatory words, they can be divided into the following three categories: (1) word interpretation; (2) double word interpretation; (3) additional interpretation. Under the letters A and B, there are 1417 disyllabic compound nouns, of which 243 are interpreted in the form of word-to-word interpretation, accounting for about 17.1%, while the most used is about 70%. 2. Phrasal interpretation can be divided into two categories: one is to interpret the meaning of a biased structure phrase, the other is to interpret it in a paratactic structure phrase. Among them, the interpretation of the partial structure phrase is the main one. 3. According to the internal structure of metalinguistic language and the features of sentence-French meaning, sentence-type interpretation can be divided into definition-type interpretation and explanatory-type interpretation. Second, it points out the problems existing in the metalanguage of noun interpretation in Modern Chinese, and puts forward some suggestions for modification from the user's perspective in order to improve the definition of dictionary. Thirdly, this paper summarizes the construction principles of the rules of French meaning of noun metalinguistic sentences in Modern Chinese. This study is of great theoretical and practical significance. In theory, based on the theory of dictionary function and dictionary communication theory, this research system constructs a new research paradigm based on user perspective to study interpretive metalanguage, which not only expands the structural model of user research, but also develops the structure model of user research. It also improves the research content and knowledge system of theoretical lexicon. In practice, this study comprehensively describes how to improve the structure and usage of metalanguage from the perspective of users, which will provide guidance and help for the compilation and later revision of Chinese dictionaries.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H164

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