江苏宜兴丁蜀镇上坝村闽南方言研究

发布时间：2019-03-05 18:14

【摘要】：闽南方言岛作为闽南方言的一种特殊形态和重要组成部分,具有很高的认识和研究价值,近年来越来越受到学界的关注与重视。本文首次以江苏省境内的闽南方言岛为研究对象,选取宜兴市丁蜀镇上坝村为主要调查点,从语言的内部结构和外部功能两方面,考察上坝话的特点及其形成机制,预测其发展趋势。首先,文章在总体概述宜兴市闽南方言岛的历史源流和分布现状的基础上,结合上坝的自然地理和人文风俗,着重考察了上坝居民的语言能力、语言习惯和语言态度,探究岛内方言在共同语和强势方言影响下发生的社会功能的变化,揭示当地人语言状况中存在的两种倾向：一方面,许多岛内居民能够并且乐意使用上坝话交流,表现出维护和固守上坝话的强烈意识；另一方面,由于强势方言的包围冲击和普通话的推广普及,不少人放弃了自己的母语方言,上坝话的使用频率和掌握程度在青少年中呈现不断下降的趋势。其次,文章主要从语言本体出发,对上坝话的语音系统、文白异读、词汇系统以及特殊语法现象进行全面准确的描写和分析；运用科学分类、定量统计等手段和方法展开多角度、多层次的跨方言比较研究,探讨其与泉漳、浙南闽语的异同和与周边方言(浙南吴语、宜兴方言)的关系。以泉漳和浙南闽语为参照,从继承性和一致性的角度来看,上坝话的闽南方言性质仍是比较显著的,集中反映在它的语音系统兼具泉州腔和漳州腔的典型特征,而更接近于前者；泉漳和浙南闽语文白异读的基本格局得以传承；闽南方言的构词因素在整个词汇系统中占据主导地位；许多颇具闽语特色的代词、量词、副词和虚词及其用法被沿用下来。从发展性和差异性的角度而言,方言岛的存在形态对上坝话的形成和演变具有双重意义：一方面中断了上坝话与泉漳、浙南闽语协同演化的进程,有利于其将一些较为古老的闽语特点保存至今；另一方面其在与其他方言的接触过程中不断磨损和丢失有特征,加快其发展演变。尽管周边方言的渗透尚未引起上坝话的根本性质变,但这一方言岛未来可能会以“突变型”的方式走向衰亡
[Abstract]:As a special form and an important part of Minnan dialect, Minnan dialect island has a high understanding and research value. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to it by scholars. This paper takes Minnan dialect island in Jiangsu Province as the research object for the first time, selects Shangba Village, Ding Shu Town, Yixing City as the main investigation point, and investigates the characteristics and formation mechanism of Shangba dialect from the two aspects of internal structure and external function of the language. Forecast its development trend. First of all, on the basis of a general overview of the historical origin and distribution of Minnan dialect island in Yixing City, combined with the natural geography and humanistic customs of Shangba, the paper emphatically investigates the language ability, language habits and language attitudes of Shangba residents. This paper explores the changes in social functions of the island dialect under the influence of the common language and the strong dialect, and reveals two tendencies in the local language: on the one hand, many island residents can and are willing to use Shangba dialect to communicate with each other. Show the strong consciousness of maintaining and sticking to the dam dialect; On the other hand, due to the influence of strong dialects and the popularization of Putonghua, many people give up their native dialects, and the frequency and mastery of Shangba dialect are decreasing among teenagers. Secondly, from the point of view of language ontology, this paper describes and analyzes the phonological system of Shangba dialect, the different reading of the text, the lexical system and the special grammatical phenomena in an all-round and accurate way. By means of scientific classification, quantitative statistics and other means and methods, a multi-angle and multi-level cross-dialect comparative study is carried out to explore its similarities and differences with Quanzhang and Min languages in southern Zhejiang and its relationship with peripheral dialects (Wu dialect in southern Zhejiang and Yixing dialect). In terms of inheritance and consistency, the southern Fujian dialect of Shangba dialect is still quite remarkable in terms of its inheritance and consistency, which is mainly reflected in its phonological system with the typical characteristics of Quanzhou cavity and Zhangzhou dialect. But closer to the former; The basic pattern of vernacular reading in Quanzhang and southern Zhejiang and Fujian languages has been inherited; the word formation factors of Minnan dialect play a dominant role in the whole vocabulary system; many pronouns, quantifiers, adverbs, function words and their usage with the characteristics of Min are used. From the point of view of development and difference, the existence form of dialect island is of dual significance to the formation and evolution of Shangba dialect: on the one hand, it interrupts the process of co-evolution of Shangba dialect, Quanzhou dialect and Fujian dialect in southern Zhejiang. In favor of its preservation of some of the more ancient characteristics of the Min language until now; On the other hand, in the process of contact with other dialects, it is characterized by constant wear and loss, which speeds up its development and evolution. Although the penetration of surrounding dialects has not yet caused a fundamental change in the nature of Shangba dialect, the dialect island is likely to decline in the form of a "mutation" in the future.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H173

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