反义词“真”“假”的不对称研究
发布时间：2019-03-06 08:30
【摘要】：反义词的使用集中体现了语言使用的不对称性,对反义词标记现象进行形式和意义上的分析,能找出词语标记性的判别共同标准。“真”“假”这对反义词在我们生活中很常见,迄今为止还没有出现对该组反义词进行的专门研究。本文在标记理论和认知语言学原理的基础上,选取“真”“假”这组反义词作为研究对象,从语义历时发展、语义共时分布等角度考察“真”“假”反义词组有/无标记项是否存在不对称及其不对称的表现形式,并尝试用标记理论对所发现的不对称现象进行解释,最后对造成反义词不对称的标记理论以外的原因(主要是从“显语言与潜语言”角度)进行探析。 本文的主要内容包括以下几个部分： 第一部分：引论。这部分主要介绍相关问题的研究状况；“真”“假”的研究综述；本论文的研究目的、语料来源及研究方法。 第二部分：“真”“假”的历史溯源及其在语义演变层面的不对称。分别追溯“真”“假”的语义演变,并得出“真”“假”产生的时间不对称,语义引申的时间不对称,语义演变具体方式不对称,语义感情色彩变化不对称等结论。 第三部分：“真”“假”在词汇层面的不对称。在词汇方面,主要是进行共时的描写和解释。从“真”“假”义项、构词数量、构词形式和使用频率等方面来进行分析,得出“真”“假”及其所构词在词汇层面的总体特点是不对称性占主要。 第四部分：“真”“假”在句法层面的不对称。从句法层面来考察“真”“假”分别和名词、程度副词、否定词“不”搭配使用的情况,在跟名词、程度副词搭配时“真／假”在句子中的句法功能大体上是一致的,但在和这些词搭配时却都呈现出不同程度的不对称,比如“真”和“假”在作为形容词使用时都能和一些具体名词和抽象名词搭配,但“真”与名词的搭配能力却弱于“假”；“真/假”都能与程度副词搭配,但依旧是“假”的搭配能力强于“真”。另外“真”“假”与否定词“不”搭配时,“假”出现的环境远远多于“真”。这些都是反义词不对称中的特殊现象。本章就结合实例具体描写“真/假”与以上几种词语搭配时的不对称现象。 第五部分：“真”“假”不对称的特殊性及反义词不对称性的原因探究。“真/假”不对称的特殊性结论的得出,是与沈家煊归纳的反义词使用共性相比较而言的,然后再对“真/假”不对称的特殊性进行解释,反义词不对称的原因探究主要是在已有著作所给出结论的基础上,尝试从“显性和潜性角度”来予以解释。
[Abstract]:The use of antonyms mainly reflects the asymmetry of language use. By analyzing the phenomenon of antonym markers in form and meaning, we can find out the common criteria for discriminating the tagging of words. The antonym "true" and "false" are very common in our life, so far there is no special research on this group of antonyms. Based on the theory of markers and cognitive linguistics, this paper chooses the antonyms "true" and "false" as the object of study, and develops from semantic diachronic perspective. From the angle of semantic synchronic distribution, this paper investigates whether there is asymmetry or not in the antisense phrase of "true" and "false", and attempts to explain the asymmetry phenomenon by using the marker theory, and makes an attempt to explain the asymmetries found in the "true" and "false" anti-sense phrases as well as their asymmetries. Finally, the causes (mainly from the perspective of explicit language and latent language), which cause asymmetry of antonyms, are analyzed. The main contents of this paper include the following parts: the first part: introduction. This part mainly introduces the research status of related problems, the research summary of "true" and "false", the purpose of this thesis, the source of corpus and the research methods. The second part: the historical origin of "true" and "false" and its asymmetry in semantic evolution. This paper traces the semantic evolution of "true" and "false" respectively, and draws the conclusion that "true" false "produces time asymmetry, semantic extension time asymmetry, semantic evolution concrete way asymmetry, semantic emotion color change asymmetry and so on. The third part: the asymmetry of "true" and "false" in lexical level. In the aspect of vocabulary, mainly carries on synchronic description and explanation. This paper analyzes the meaning of "true" and "false" from the aspects of "true", "false", the number of word-formation, the form of word-formation and the frequency of use, and draws the conclusion that the general characteristic of "true" and "false" and its constructed words at the lexical level is asymmetry. The fourth part: the asymmetry of "true" and "false" in syntactic level. From the syntactic level, the use of "true" and "false" with noun, degree adverb and negative word "no" is basically the same as the syntactic function of "true" and "false" in sentence when collocation with noun and degree adverb. However, when they are used as adjectives, "true" and "false" can be used with some specific nouns and abstract nouns, but the collocation ability of "true" and "nouns" is weaker than that of "false" when they are used with these words to a different degree, for example, "truth" and "false" can be used as adjectives to match with some specific nouns and abstract nouns. True / false can match with degree adverbs, but the collocation ability of false is better than true. In addition, when "true" and "false" define "no", the environment of "false" appears far more than that of "true". These are special phenomena in the asymmetry of antonyms. This chapter describes the asymmetry between "true and false" and the above words. Part V: the particularity of the asymmetry of "true" and "false" and the cause of asymmetry of antonym. The conclusion of the particularity of "true / false" asymmetry is compared with the common usage of antonyms induced by Shen Jiaxuan, and then the particularity of "true / false" asymmetry is explained. The reason for the asymmetry of antonyms is to try to explain it from the perspective of "dominance and potentiality" on the basis of the conclusions given in the previous works.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136.2
本文编号：2435365
[Abstract]:The use of antonyms mainly reflects the asymmetry of language use. By analyzing the phenomenon of antonym markers in form and meaning, we can find out the common criteria for discriminating the tagging of words. The antonym "true" and "false" are very common in our life, so far there is no special research on this group of antonyms. Based on the theory of markers and cognitive linguistics, this paper chooses the antonyms "true" and "false" as the object of study, and develops from semantic diachronic perspective. From the angle of semantic synchronic distribution, this paper investigates whether there is asymmetry or not in the antisense phrase of "true" and "false", and attempts to explain the asymmetry phenomenon by using the marker theory, and makes an attempt to explain the asymmetries found in the "true" and "false" anti-sense phrases as well as their asymmetries. Finally, the causes (mainly from the perspective of explicit language and latent language), which cause asymmetry of antonyms, are analyzed. The main contents of this paper include the following parts: the first part: introduction. This part mainly introduces the research status of related problems, the research summary of "true" and "false", the purpose of this thesis, the source of corpus and the research methods. The second part: the historical origin of "true" and "false" and its asymmetry in semantic evolution. This paper traces the semantic evolution of "true" and "false" respectively, and draws the conclusion that "true" false "produces time asymmetry, semantic extension time asymmetry, semantic evolution concrete way asymmetry, semantic emotion color change asymmetry and so on. The third part: the asymmetry of "true" and "false" in lexical level. In the aspect of vocabulary, mainly carries on synchronic description and explanation. This paper analyzes the meaning of "true" and "false" from the aspects of "true", "false", the number of word-formation, the form of word-formation and the frequency of use, and draws the conclusion that the general characteristic of "true" and "false" and its constructed words at the lexical level is asymmetry. The fourth part: the asymmetry of "true" and "false" in syntactic level. From the syntactic level, the use of "true" and "false" with noun, degree adverb and negative word "no" is basically the same as the syntactic function of "true" and "false" in sentence when collocation with noun and degree adverb. However, when they are used as adjectives, "true" and "false" can be used with some specific nouns and abstract nouns, but the collocation ability of "true" and "nouns" is weaker than that of "false" when they are used with these words to a different degree, for example, "truth" and "false" can be used as adjectives to match with some specific nouns and abstract nouns. True / false can match with degree adverbs, but the collocation ability of false is better than true. In addition, when "true" and "false" define "no", the environment of "false" appears far more than that of "true". These are special phenomena in the asymmetry of antonyms. This chapter describes the asymmetry between "true and false" and the above words. Part V: the particularity of the asymmetry of "true" and "false" and the cause of asymmetry of antonym. The conclusion of the particularity of "true / false" asymmetry is compared with the common usage of antonyms induced by Shen Jiaxuan, and then the particularity of "true / false" asymmetry is explained. The reason for the asymmetry of antonyms is to try to explain it from the perspective of "dominance and potentiality" on the basis of the conclusions given in the previous works.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136.2
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