基于语言行为理论对电视剧《铁齿铜牙纪晓岚》中反语的研究

发布时间：2019-03-22 13:06

【摘要】：反语作为一种普遍存在于人们日常交流中的语言现象，已经引起不同学者的广泛关注。本文试图基于言语行为理论，对电视剧《铁齿铜牙纪晓岚》中的反语进行个案研究，以期能够在中国文化语境下对反语进行合理的分析与解释。反语通常指说话人通过使用与话语相反的表达方式来间接表达说话者的真实意图。通过对比研究发现，尽管汉语反语与英语irony有不一致的地方，但与其中的verbal irony相对比较吻合。因此，作者为方便研究对象的收集，将本文研究对象“反语”视为英语中的verbal irony。本研究的语料转写于电视剧《铁齿铜牙纪晓岚》中的对话。本文首先对反语进行了概述，探讨其定义、起源和功能；接着回顾了从修辞学、语用学、认知语言学等角度对反语进行的不同研究，发现基于中国文化语料的反语研究不是很多；然后提出了本研究的理论基础，即言语行为理论，并通过讨论反语与言语行为理论的关系，，论证了本研究理论的合理性；最后，本文对电视剧《铁齿铜牙纪晓岚》中的反语进行了详尽的分析与研究。本研究主要有两个研究问题。问题之一，如何运用言语行为理论分析电视剧《铁齿铜牙纪晓岚》中的反语？结论如下：第一，反语是一种间接地言语行为。反语与间接言语行为存在相似的特点和语用功能，并且反语的理解需要人们根据说话者的字面语义来推断说话者的会话含义。因此，言语行为理论能够为反语分析提供坚实的理论基础。第二，违反真诚原则是产生反语言语行为的必要条件，也就是说话者为达到特定的语用功能，故意说一些与本意相反，或至少不同的话语。第三，语境在反语的理解中起着不可替代的作用。语境在语用学领域起着重要的作用，这在反语的理解过程中尤为重要。研究还发现断言性反语是本个案研究反语的主要组成部分，因此验证了Haverkate关于反语种类分布不平衡,其中断言性反语占据主要地位的言论。第四，以中国文化背景为依据的语言现象能够在言语行为理论的框架下得到合理的解释。研究问题之二，电视剧《铁齿铜牙纪晓岚》中的反语有什么功能？研究发现该剧中反语有批评、显示权势、保全面子、说服和显示亲密等语用功能。一方面本研究为中国文化语料的研究提供了一个新视角，即从言语行为理论研究中国的语言现象，拓宽了该理论的应用领域和反语的研究范围。另一方面，本研究也启示交际双方应该合理理解和使用反语，避免造成误解而导致人际交流的失败。同时，反语作为电视剧《铁齿铜牙纪晓岚》中的一种主要语言特色，本研究从理论上解释该现象，有助于提高人们的欣赏水平。
[Abstract]:Irony, as a common language phenomenon in people's daily communication, has attracted wide attention from different scholars. Based on speech act theory, this paper attempts to make a case study of irony in the TV series "Tieya Copper Tooth Ji Xiaolan", in order to make a reasonable analysis and explanation of irony in the context of Chinese culture. Irony usually refers to the indirect expression of the speaker's true intention by using the opposite expression. Through the contrastive study, it is found that although Chinese irony is inconsistent with English irony, it is relatively consistent with the verbal irony in it. Therefore, in order to facilitate the collection of research objects, the author regards "irony" as the verbal irony. in English. The data of this study are transferred to the dialogue in the TV series "Iron Tooth Copper Tooth Ji Xiaolan". In this paper, the definition, origin and function of irony are discussed. Then it reviews the different studies of irony from the perspectives of rhetoric pragmatics and cognitive linguistics and finds that there are not many studies on irony based on Chinese cultural corpus. Then put forward the theoretical basis of this study, namely the speech act theory, and through discussing the relationship between irony and speech act theory, proved the rationality of this research theory; Finally, this paper makes a detailed analysis and research on the irony in the TV series "Iron Tooth Copper Tooth Jixiaolan". There are two main research problems in this study. The first problem, how to use speech act theory to analyze the irony in the TV series "Iron Tooth Copper Tooth Ji Xiaolan"? The conclusions are as follows: first, irony is an indirect speech act. Irony and indirect speech act have similar characteristics and pragmatic functions, and the understanding of irony requires people to infer the conversational implicature of the speaker according to the literal semantics of the speaker. Therefore, speech act theory can provide a solid theoretical basis for irony analysis. Second, the violation of the principle of sincerity is a necessary condition for a speech act of irony, that is, the speaker deliberately says something contrary to or at least different from the original meaning in order to achieve a specific pragmatic function. Thirdly, context plays an irreplaceable role in the understanding of irony. Context plays an important role in the field of pragmatics, which is especially important in the process of understanding irony. It is also found that the anecdotal irony is the main part of the case study, so it is verified that Haverkate's remarks about the unbalanced distribution of the irony species, in which the anecdotal irony is the dominant one, have been proved to be the main part of the case study. Fourthly, the linguistic phenomena based on Chinese cultural background can be explained reasonably within the framework of speech act theory. Second, what are the functions of irony in TV series "Iron Tooth Copper Tooth Ji Xiaolan"? The study finds that the irony in the play has the pragmatic functions of criticism, showing power, saving face, persuading and showing intimacy. On the one hand, this study provides a new perspective for the study of Chinese cultural corpus, that is, the study of language phenomena in China from the perspective of speech act theory, which broadens the application field of the theory and the research scope of irony. On the other hand, this study also suggests that both sides of communication should reasonably understand and use irony to avoid misunderstanding and failure of interpersonal communication. At the same time, irony is one of the main language features in the TV series "Iron Tooth Copper Tooth Ji Xiaolan". This study explains this phenomenon theoretically, which is helpful to improve people's appreciation level.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136

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