德汉概念隐喻对比研究
发布时间：2019-03-28 14:45
【摘要】：隐喻是历史最悠久、运用最普遍的修辞方式之一，也是人类语言表达的基本类型之一。关于隐喻的研究无论是在西方还是中国都有着悠久的历史，在西方亚里士多德就已在他的著作Poetik中对隐喻进行了阐述，而在中国早在先秦时期就有了对隐喻的研究。但是长期以来，在传统理论中隐喻仅仅被看作一种修辞手法，直到上世纪美国语言学家George P. Lakoff和哲学家Mark Johnson提出“概念隐喻”，将隐喻纳入到认知语言学的范畴进行探讨，为隐喻研究提供了新的思路。Lakoff和Johnson将概念隐喻分为三大类，，按照他们的观点，概念隐喻和人们的认知有极大的关系，人类语言中约有三分之二属于隐喻。由此可见，我们生活的环境使用的语言中充满了隐喻，与我们息息相关，是认识世界和语言发生变化的重要手段之一，在语言和认知之间起到了重要的桥梁作用，对隐喻的研究是了解人类思维的窗口。 本文中将主要以Lakoff和Johnson的理论为指导，在论文中将主要按照Lakoff和Johnson划分的三类概念隐喻类型（结构隐喻、方位隐喻、本体隐喻），通过实例就中文和德语中相关隐喻进行比较，并就其相似性和差异性及原因从认知角度——具体从两个语言使用人群的历史、宗教、风俗、地理环境、哲学思想、社会规约等方面的影响——进行挖掘和研究，从而对Lakoff及Johnson的概念隐喻理论在德语和汉语中的适用性进行论证。 隐喻是人们认识世界、建构知识的工具,它是一种心理的迁移,是人们在心理上由始发认知域向目标认知域的一种映射。因此隐喻本体和喻体的选择和匹配既是语言形式,又是概念模式,更是文化模式。论文中对两种语言中隐喻的差异性及相同（似）性原因的分析也是对两个不同语言群体社会历史文化的研究和挖掘，对跨文化研究也有相当意义。而且通过隐喻对比分析，了解其所反映的不同语言使用群体认知模式的异同，对于不同语言中隐喻的理解和应用以及德语教学都具有参考价值。
[Abstract]:Metaphor is one of the oldest and most widely used rhetorical devices, and is also one of the basic types of human language expression. The study of metaphor has a long history both in the West and in China. In the West Aristotle has expounded metaphor in his book Poetik, while in China there has been a study of metaphor as early as the pre-Qin Dynasty. However, metaphor has long been regarded as a rhetorical device in traditional theories, until the American linguist George P. Lakoff and philosopher Mark Johnson put forward "conceptual metaphor" in the last century, and put metaphor into the category of cognitive linguistics. Lakoff and Johnson divide conceptual metaphor into three categories. According to their view, conceptual metaphor has a great relationship with people's cognition, and about 2/3 of human languages belong to metaphor. It can be seen that the language used in the environment in which we live is full of metaphors, closely related to us, is one of the important means of understanding the world and language changes, and plays an important role as a bridge between language and cognition. The study of metaphor is a window for understanding human thinking. Under the guidance of the theories of Lakoff and Johnson, the thesis will compare the related metaphors in Chinese and German according to the three types of conceptual metaphors (structural metaphor, orientation metaphor, Noumenon metaphor) classified by Lakoff and Johnson. The similarities, differences and reasons are explored and studied from the perspective of cognition-specifically from the aspects of history, religion, customs, geographical environment, philosophical thought, social norms, etc., of the people who use the two languages. Thus, the applicability of Lakoff and Johnson's theory of conceptual metaphor in German and Chinese is demonstrated. Metaphor is a tool for people to know the world and construct knowledge. It is a kind of psychological transfer, and it is a kind of mapping from the original cognitive domain to the target cognitive domain. Therefore, the choice and matching of metaphorical Noumenon and metaphorical object is not only a linguistic form, but also a conceptual model and a cultural model. The analysis of the differences of metaphors and the same (similar) causes of metaphor in the two languages is also a study and excavation of the social history and culture of two different linguistic groups, which is also of considerable significance to cross-cultural studies. Through the contrastive analysis of metaphors, we can find out the similarities and differences of the cognitive patterns of different language use groups, which is valuable for the understanding and application of metaphors in different languages as well as the teaching of German.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H33;H136
本文编号：2448960
[Abstract]:Metaphor is one of the oldest and most widely used rhetorical devices, and is also one of the basic types of human language expression. The study of metaphor has a long history both in the West and in China. In the West Aristotle has expounded metaphor in his book Poetik, while in China there has been a study of metaphor as early as the pre-Qin Dynasty. However, metaphor has long been regarded as a rhetorical device in traditional theories, until the American linguist George P. Lakoff and philosopher Mark Johnson put forward "conceptual metaphor" in the last century, and put metaphor into the category of cognitive linguistics. Lakoff and Johnson divide conceptual metaphor into three categories. According to their view, conceptual metaphor has a great relationship with people's cognition, and about 2/3 of human languages belong to metaphor. It can be seen that the language used in the environment in which we live is full of metaphors, closely related to us, is one of the important means of understanding the world and language changes, and plays an important role as a bridge between language and cognition. The study of metaphor is a window for understanding human thinking. Under the guidance of the theories of Lakoff and Johnson, the thesis will compare the related metaphors in Chinese and German according to the three types of conceptual metaphors (structural metaphor, orientation metaphor, Noumenon metaphor) classified by Lakoff and Johnson. The similarities, differences and reasons are explored and studied from the perspective of cognition-specifically from the aspects of history, religion, customs, geographical environment, philosophical thought, social norms, etc., of the people who use the two languages. Thus, the applicability of Lakoff and Johnson's theory of conceptual metaphor in German and Chinese is demonstrated. Metaphor is a tool for people to know the world and construct knowledge. It is a kind of psychological transfer, and it is a kind of mapping from the original cognitive domain to the target cognitive domain. Therefore, the choice and matching of metaphorical Noumenon and metaphorical object is not only a linguistic form, but also a conceptual model and a cultural model. The analysis of the differences of metaphors and the same (similar) causes of metaphor in the two languages is also a study and excavation of the social history and culture of two different linguistic groups, which is also of considerable significance to cross-cultural studies. Through the contrastive analysis of metaphors, we can find out the similarities and differences of the cognitive patterns of different language use groups, which is valuable for the understanding and application of metaphors in different languages as well as the teaching of German.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H33;H136
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