清末民初的翻译实践与“文言的终结”

发布时间：2019-04-09 07:50

【摘要】：清末民初的翻译实践大致可分为两种路向,一是意译方式,二是直译方式,前者以严复等封建士大夫为代表,后者以周氏兄弟等精英知识分子为代表。严复等人立足于汉语,以汉语为中心,强迫外来语迁就汉语的传统,因而,在一定程度上抹杀了中西在文化传统、思维方式、语言系统以及社会制度等方面的差异。与严复等人以中化西的视野及中国文化优势论不同,鲁迅将中西文化作为两大相互平行并各具价值的文化体系来对待,意在借《域外小说集》的直译方式,为中国小说现代化提供一种可资借鉴的新形式。由于受到章太炎语文观的影响,周氏兄弟倾向使用古奥语体翻译中国传统小说里完全没有的西方象征主义与心理描写,这是一种对先秦古汉语近乎偏执的使用,且逐字逐句地对应外文的内容甚至是语法,这无疑是对文言文表达能力的一种极限试验,很难被当时读者所接受。从严复等人到周氏兄弟的翻译实践,将文言对于现代思想的涵纳能力做了最大限度的发挥,他们的失败,预示着在中西文化交流中,文言对于西方文化翻译的失败。在某种意义上说,这些翻译实践促使了"文言的终结"。
[Abstract]:The translation practice in late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China can be divided into two directions: one is free translation, the other is literal translation, the former is represented by feudal scholar-officials such as Yan Fu, and the latter is represented by elite intellectuals such as Zhou's brothers. Yan Fu et al., based on Chinese and centered on Chinese, forced loanwords to adapt to the tradition of Chinese, thus, to some extent, erased the differences in cultural tradition, mode of thinking, language system and social system between China and the West. In contrast to Yan Fu's view of Western China and the superiority of Chinese culture, Lu Xun treated Chinese and Western culture as two mutually parallel and valuable cultural systems, in order to use the literal translation of "A Collection of Foreign novels". It provides a new form of reference for the modernization of Chinese novels. Influenced by Zhang Taiyan's view of language, the Zhou brothers tend to use the ancient Austrian style to translate western symbolism and psychological descriptions that are completely absent in traditional Chinese novels, which is a kind of near-paranoid use of pre-Qin ancient Chinese. It is no doubt a limit test of the expression ability of classical Chinese, which is difficult to be accepted by readers at that time. From Yan Fu's translation practice to Zhou's brothers' translation practice, classical Chinese has exerted its ability to include modern ideas to the maximum extent. Their failure indicates the failure of classical Chinese to the translation of western culture in the cultural exchange between China and the West. In a sense, these translation practices promote the end of classical Chinese.
【作者单位】：南开大学文学院;天津社会科学杂志社;
【分类号】：H059

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