汉语中的轻声：轻声的音系学解读

发布时间：2019-04-15 23:41

【摘要】：轻声是汉语语音的重要现象之一,也是一个重要的功能结构单位,一种不可或缺的指称区别手段。自20世纪20年代赵元任先生在《国语罗马字研究》(1922)中第一次提出“轻声”的概念首开轻声研究先河以来,轻声越来越被学术界所重视,成为汉语语音研究的一个聚焦领域。本文通过对现代汉语中的轻声进行分类,然后从音系学的角度对现代汉语中存在的轻声现象进行分析。希望本文能对汉语语言研究的发展,以及语言规范与教学等方面都有所帮助。首先,作者主要介绍了本文选题的研究意义和目前国内外的对轻声这一语言现象的研究现状。通过对轻声研究现状的研究和比较,发现目前国内外对于轻声的研究,大多数集中在对轻声语音方面的研究上,因此还存在可以突破的方面,本文选取了音系学的角度,试图对现代汉语轻声词的深层语言结构进行进一步的分析和解释。其次是对声调音系学的一些基本理论作出了陈述。首先讲述了自主音段音系学在标准化汉语声调中的应用。自主音段音系学是John Goldsmith1976年在他的博士毕业论文中首次提出的,他指出音系表征不仅仅是由一层音位组成。不同层次的音位特征由直线相连。并将此超音段音位理论应用到声调音系学的分析当中。其次罗列了不同学者对声调的描述,并结合声调的语音关联,提出了声调的两个基本特征：pitch和register,就此提出了声调的区别性特征以及声调是如何被音节承载的(Tone Bearing Unit)。通过结合上述的音系学理论理论,作者开始对标准汉语中的轻声进行分析。将汉语中存在的轻声分为六大类来进行分析：伪复合词中的轻声、区别意义词中的轻声、叠词中的轻声、词后缀的轻声、单纯词中的轻声以及一些双音节词中的轻声。对每一类中的轻声现象进行了详细分析,提出假设,并最终得出结论。最后,总结了主要研究成果和存在的问题,并对以后的深入研究提出了建议。
[Abstract]:Light sound is one of the important phenomena of Chinese phonetics as well as an important unit of functional structure and an indispensable means of referential distinction. Since Zhao Yuanren first put forward the concept of "light sound" in the study of Roman characters in Mandarin (1922) in the 1920s, it has been paid more and more attention by the academic circles. It has become a focus field in the research of Chinese phonetics. This paper classifies the light sounds in modern Chinese, and then analyzes the phenomenon of light sounds in modern Chinese from the perspective of phonology. It is hoped that this paper will be helpful to the development of Chinese language research, as well as language norms and teaching. First of all, the author mainly introduces the research significance of this topic and the current research status of the language phenomenon of light sound at home and abroad. Through the research and comparison of the present situation of the light sound research, it is found that most of the domestic and foreign researches on the light sound are focused on the research of the light sound phonetics, so there are still some breakthrough aspects. This paper chooses the phonology angle. This paper attempts to make a further analysis and explanation of the deep language structure of modern Chinese soft-spoken words. Secondly, some basic theories of phonology are stated. This paper first describes the application of autonomous phonology in standardized Chinese tone. Autonomous phonology was first proposed by John Goldsmith1976 in his Ph. D. thesis in 2000. He pointed out that phonological representation is not only composed of a single phoneme. The phonological features of different levels are connected by straight lines. The ultrasonic phonetics theory is applied to the analysis of phonology. Secondly, this paper lists the description of tone by different scholars, and combining with the phonological correlation of tone, puts forward two basic features of tone: pitch and register, propose the distinctive feature of tone and how the tone is carried by syllable (Tone Bearing Unit). In combination with the above-mentioned phonological theory, the author begins to analyze the light sound in standard Chinese. The present light sounds in Chinese are divided into six categories: the light sounds in pseudo-compound words, the light sounds in meaning words, the light sounds in overlapping words, the soft sounds in suffixes, the light sounds in simple words, and the light sounds in some disyllabic words, which can be divided into six categories: one in pseudo-compound words, one in meaning words, one in overlapping words, one in suffixes, one in simple words. In this paper, the light sound phenomena in each class are analyzed in detail, hypotheses are put forward, and finally a conclusion is drawn. Finally, the main research results and existing problems are summarized, and suggestions for future in-depth research are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H116.4

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