由反问句引起的冲突性回应的语用研究

发布时间：2019-05-10 00:55

【摘要】：冲突性话语在日常交际中普遍且复杂。尽管近年来学者们对于冲突性话语的引发和冲突性回应的研究越来越多，却忽略了对由反问句这样的间接言语行为引起的冲突性回应的研究。基于Spencer-Oatey(2000)的人际和谐管理理论，本文以五部讲述中国人婚姻生活的小说为语料来源，围绕由反问句引起的冲突性回应提出以下三个研究问题：（1）由反问句引起的冲突性回应的类型有哪些？（2）夫妻之间为什么会对反问句进行冲突性回应？（3）这些冲突性回应对人际关系会产生什么样的影响？针对第一个研究问题，我们找到了九大类由反问句引起的冲突性回应，它们也被称之为人际关系管理策略。这些策略分别为反驳、批评、责怪、命令、詈骂、抱怨、拒绝、辩解和否认。在大多数情况下，夫妻常常将几种策略联合起来使用。我们观察到，夫妻在谈论到以下这些话题时，容易对反问句作出冲突性回应：婚外情、一方与其他人的关系、一方的品格或行为、孩子、金钱、家庭与工作的关系，以及家务等。并且，夫妻在选择策略时主要受到他们看问题的角度、情感以及当时特定的个人目的的影响。其次，本文从决定人们选择关系管理策略的和谐取向探讨夫妻间对反问句作出冲突性回应的可能原因。忽视和谐取向是主要导致夫妻间作出冲突性回应的和谐取向，其动机有五个方面：维护自身面子、保护社交权、坚持观点和立场、发泄负面情绪和达到个人特定目的。我们还发现，在对反问句进行冲突回应时，夫妻之间非常注重自己观点的表达和反驳对方的观点，以至于反驳和辩解使用的频率非常高。同时，他们因关注人际和谐而对冲突性较大的回应策略使用频率远小于冲突性较小的回应策略。因而，当在夫妻旨在发泄负面情绪时，这些冲突性较大策略的使用频率远高于受其他几种动机驱使的情况。最后，我们探究了由反问句引起的冲突性回应对人际关系产生的影响。一方面，这些冲突性回应破坏了人际和谐，对人际关系产生了消极影响—引起或加剧冲突，伤害夫妻感情，，具体表现为引起或加剧争执、肢体冲突、退出对话和保持沉默，甚至会导致冷战。另一方面，这些冲突性回应维持或提升了人际和谐，对人际关系产生了积极影响—增进相互了解，提升夫妻关系，具体表现在让对方知晓自己的想法、消除误解和防止负面情绪恶化。
[Abstract]:Conflict discourse is common and complex in daily communication. Although scholars have done more and more research on the initiation and conflict response of conflict discourse in recent years, they have ignored the study of conflict response caused by indirect speech acts such as rhetorical questions. Based on Spencer-Oatey (2000)'s theory of interpersonal harmony management, this paper takes five novels about Chinese marriage life as the corpus source. The following three research questions are put forward around the conflicting responses caused by rhetorical questions: (1) what are the types of conflicting responses caused by rhetorical questions? (2) Why do couples respond to rhetorical questions in conflict? (3) what is the impact of these conflict responses on interpersonal relationships? In order to solve the first research problem, we found nine kinds of conflict responses caused by rhetorical questions, which are also called interpersonal relationship management strategies. These strategies are rebuttal, criticism, blame, order, swearing, complaint, refusal, defense and denial. In most cases, couples often combine several strategies. We observe that couples are prone to conflicting responses to questions when it comes to the following topics: extramarital affairs, relationships between one party and others, character or behaviour of one party, child, money, family and work. And housework, etc. Moreover, when couples choose strategies, they are mainly influenced by their perspective, emotion and specific personal purpose at that time. Secondly, this paper discusses the possible reasons for the conflict response between husband and wife to rhetorical questions from the harmonious orientation of determining people's choice of relationship management strategy. Neglecting the harmonious orientation is the harmonious orientation which mainly leads to the conflict response between husband and wife. There are five motivations: maintaining their own face, protecting their social rights, insisting on their views and positions, venting their negative emotions and achieving their specific goals. We also found that when responding to rhetorical questions, couples attach great importance to the expression of their own views and refute each other's views, so that the frequency of rebuttal and defense is very high. At the same time, because they pay attention to interpersonal harmony, the frequency of response strategies with greater conflict is much less than that with less conflict. Therefore, when couples aim to vent negative emotions, these conflict strategies are used much more frequently than those driven by several other motivations. Finally, we explore the impact of conflicted responses caused by rhetorical questions on interpersonal relationships. On the one hand, these conflict responses undermine interpersonal harmony and have a negative impact on interpersonal relationships-causing or aggravating conflicts and harming husband and wife's feelings, as manifested in causing or aggravating disputes, physical conflicts, withdrawal from dialogue and silence. It could even lead to a cold war. On the other hand, these conflict responses maintain or enhance interpersonal harmony and have a positive impact on interpersonal relationships-enhancing mutual understanding and improving the relationship between husband and wife, as reflected in letting each other know what he or she thinks. Eliminate misunderstandings and prevent negative emotions from worsening.
【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H030

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