现代汉语量词重叠式生成语法研究
发布时间：2019-05-14 19:00
【摘要】：本文在生成句法框架下考察了现代汉语普通话中的量词重叠式结构(也称CC式)。 本文认为汉语中量词的功能为“个体化”。量词重叠应属词法层面,是一个“复量个体化”(Multiply-individualize)的操作,通过语法形式上的“复量”来实现语法意义上的“复量”。通过多次“个体化”集合内成员,来确定整个集合,从而得到全量解读。该操作使得量词重叠式带有复数特征[+P]、量化特征[+Q]和定指特征[+D],在语义上理解为“遍指义”。本文考察了汉语中可以重叠的量词,发现在现代汉语普通话依旧使用的单音节量词中,绝大多数(约90%)可以重叠,不能重叠的量词可以用四条限定条件来解释。 在“最简方案”的特征核查理论框架下,基于“多重特征核查理论”,本文重点考察了量词重叠式所在名词词组及其所在句子的生成过程。 量词重叠式CC和单个量词都是词库中的备选词项。“复量个体化”操作发生在词库之中。CC可以填入量词短语CIP的中心语CI处。CC式所在的名词短语是一个DP结构,在LF层面中,D位置上未取值的[D]特征与CI位置上CC的[+D]特征核查通过后,整个短语获得定指义解读。基于此分析,我们还比较了“CC”和“一CC”之间的结构和语义差别。 本文通过实际语料考察发现量词重叠式一般出现周遍性主语句和话题句中,“都”在这两类句子中都起到了非常重要的作用。我们根据结构的不同将考察句式分为六类,先从“都”语义特征和句法功能入手,考察了“都”字句的结构为[DouP Spec[Dou都VP]],其中“都”带有强EPP特征OCC、复数特征[+P]、强量化特征[+Q]。“都”的“多重量化”功能还决定了“都”可以带有两个指示语位置。这些特征驱动了VP内的论元成分向上移动并与“都”核查特征,从而使句子成功生成。在量词重叠式出现的话题句中,话题基础生成在TopP的Spec位置,其余部分生成过程如同含“都”的周遍性主语句。除此之外,我们还讨论了两种歧义句的情况,并分析了歧义原因。 最后,本文将量词重叠CC式与其他能表示全称量化的结构进行了比较。从逻辑语义的角度分析认为“CC”实际上是一个加合算子。加合算子“CC”作用于名词,加合算子“都”作用于事件,进而解释了CC式所在周遍性主语句中“都”的隐现规律及原因。我们比较了“CC”、“每”和“所有”三个相关成分,认为“CC”是加合算子、“每”是分配算子、“所有”是全称量化算子。三者的语义功能差异影响了各自的句法表现。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the reduplicated structure of classifiers (also known as CC) in modern Chinese Putonghua is investigated in the framework of generative syntax. This paper holds that the function of classifiers in Chinese is individualization. The overlapping of classifiers should belong to the lexical level and is an operation of "Multiply-individualize", which realizes the "complex quantity" in the grammatical sense through the "complex quantity" in the grammatical form. Through many "individualized" members of the collection, the whole set is determined, and the full interpretation is obtained. This operation makes the quantifier reduplicated with complex features [P], quantitative features [Q] and attributive features [D], which is understood as "ergodic meaning" in semantics. This paper examines the quantifiers that can be overlapped in Chinese, and finds that the vast majority (about 90%) of the monosyllabic classifiers that can still be used in modern Chinese Putonghua can be overlapped, and the quantifiers that can not be overlapped can be explained by four constraints. Under the framework of the feature verification theory of the minimalist scheme and based on the multi-feature verification theory, this paper focuses on the formation process of the noun phrases in which the quantifier reduplicates are located and the sentences in which they are located. The reduplicated CC and a single quantifier are alternative words in the lexicon. The "complex individualization" operation takes place in the vocabulary. CC can fill in the central language CI of the quantifier phrase CIP. The noun phrase in which the CCL is located is a DP structure, at the LF level, After the verification of the [D] feature of the unvalued [D] feature at the D position and the [D] feature of the CC at the CI position, the whole phrase is interpreted with definite meaning. Based on this analysis, we also compare the structural and semantic differences between "CC" and "one CC". Through the investigation of practical corpus, it is found that the overlapping of classifiers generally appears in the subject sentence and topic sentence, and "du" plays a very important role in both kinds of sentences. According to the different structure, we divide the sentence patterns into six categories. Starting with the semantic features and syntactic functions of "du", we investigate that the structure of "du" sentence is [DouP Spec [Dou VP], in which "du" has a strong EPP feature OCC,. Complex feature [P], strong quantitative feature [Q]. The multiple quantification function of du also determines that du can have two deixis positions. These features drive the argument components in VP to move upward and verify the features with du, so that the sentences can be generated successfully. In the topic sentence where the quantifier reduplicates, the topic basis is generated in the Spec position of TopP, and the rest of the generation process is like a circular subject sentence with "du". In addition, we also discuss the situation of two kinds of ambiguous sentences and analyze the causes of ambiguity. Finally, this paper compares the overlapping CC form of classifiers with other structures that can represent full name quantification. From the point of view of logical semantics, it is considered that "CC" is actually an additive operator. The additive operator "CC" acts on the noun, and the additive operator "du" acts on the event, and then explains the hidden law and the reason of the "du" in the circumferential subject sentence where the CC form is located. We compare the three related components of "CC", "every" and "all". We think that "CC" is an additive operator, "every" is an assignment operator, and "all" is a fully called quantization operator. The differences of semantic functions among the three affect their syntactic representation.
【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146
本文编号：2476967
[Abstract]:In this paper, the reduplicated structure of classifiers (also known as CC) in modern Chinese Putonghua is investigated in the framework of generative syntax. This paper holds that the function of classifiers in Chinese is individualization. The overlapping of classifiers should belong to the lexical level and is an operation of "Multiply-individualize", which realizes the "complex quantity" in the grammatical sense through the "complex quantity" in the grammatical form. Through many "individualized" members of the collection, the whole set is determined, and the full interpretation is obtained. This operation makes the quantifier reduplicated with complex features [P], quantitative features [Q] and attributive features [D], which is understood as "ergodic meaning" in semantics. This paper examines the quantifiers that can be overlapped in Chinese, and finds that the vast majority (about 90%) of the monosyllabic classifiers that can still be used in modern Chinese Putonghua can be overlapped, and the quantifiers that can not be overlapped can be explained by four constraints. Under the framework of the feature verification theory of the minimalist scheme and based on the multi-feature verification theory, this paper focuses on the formation process of the noun phrases in which the quantifier reduplicates are located and the sentences in which they are located. The reduplicated CC and a single quantifier are alternative words in the lexicon. The "complex individualization" operation takes place in the vocabulary. CC can fill in the central language CI of the quantifier phrase CIP. The noun phrase in which the CCL is located is a DP structure, at the LF level, After the verification of the [D] feature of the unvalued [D] feature at the D position and the [D] feature of the CC at the CI position, the whole phrase is interpreted with definite meaning. Based on this analysis, we also compare the structural and semantic differences between "CC" and "one CC". Through the investigation of practical corpus, it is found that the overlapping of classifiers generally appears in the subject sentence and topic sentence, and "du" plays a very important role in both kinds of sentences. According to the different structure, we divide the sentence patterns into six categories. Starting with the semantic features and syntactic functions of "du", we investigate that the structure of "du" sentence is [DouP Spec [Dou VP], in which "du" has a strong EPP feature OCC,. Complex feature [P], strong quantitative feature [Q]. The multiple quantification function of du also determines that du can have two deixis positions. These features drive the argument components in VP to move upward and verify the features with du, so that the sentences can be generated successfully. In the topic sentence where the quantifier reduplicates, the topic basis is generated in the Spec position of TopP, and the rest of the generation process is like a circular subject sentence with "du". In addition, we also discuss the situation of two kinds of ambiguous sentences and analyze the causes of ambiguity. Finally, this paper compares the overlapping CC form of classifiers with other structures that can represent full name quantification. From the point of view of logical semantics, it is considered that "CC" is actually an additive operator. The additive operator "CC" acts on the noun, and the additive operator "du" acts on the event, and then explains the hidden law and the reason of the "du" in the circumferential subject sentence where the CC form is located. We compare the three related components of "CC", "every" and "all". We think that "CC" is an additive operator, "every" is an assignment operator, and "all" is a fully called quantization operator. The differences of semantic functions among the three affect their syntactic representation.
【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146
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