“把N-V”及其他无补“把”字句研究
发布时间:2019-05-21 20:05
【摘要】:已有对现代汉语“把”字句的研究虽然成果丰硕,但研究范围却仅局限于一些“典型”的“把”字句。这些“典型”“把”字句的特点是“把”后宾语多为受事论元,语义多表示为处置或致使。在句法上,这类“把”字句要求“把”后的VP必须是复杂的,多表现为动补结构、“动词+介词短语”结构或动词+“了/着/过”等体标记的形式。 本文所研究的“把”字句则与这些“典型”“把”字句不同,在形式上表现为其谓语部分恰恰仅以v结句。由于典型“把”字句的谓语动词以“V+c”式居多,因此我们把这类特殊的没有C的“把”字句称为无补“把”字句。本文所研究的无补“把”字句包括“把N-V”“把N+X+V”“把N+N”以及“把N+V(一)V”四种,其中以“把N-V”结构为主要研究对象。 本文在穷尽考查语料的基础上,通过句式之间的变换、对比,对以V结句的无补“把”字句进行了详细考查,尤其重点对“把N-V”结构从语义、语法以及使用条件等方面进行了详细的分析讨论。 能够进入“把N-V”结构的动词表义都与“位移”有关,具体依语义虚化程度不同分别可以表示“位移”“变化”以及“有无”等意义。因此虽然“把N-V”结构从表面上看只有一个动词,但实际却在表意上隐含了另一个成分,即除了有语音形式的动作V1之外,还暗含了另一个表示动作结果的V2,只不过由于该句式在语义上不强调V2,因此V2在表层形式上没有出现。在语义上,该结构强调动作事件的“短时”性、“状态”性和“条件”性,因此“把N-V”结构不能自足,在使用过程中需要和后续事件一同出现。 本文还详细对比了“把N-V”与和它关系密切的两种结构——“把NV一下”“一VN”——在具体使用中的一些差别,重点考察了只能使用“把N-V”结构不能使用其他相似结构替换的情形。 最后,文章还简要讨论了“把N+X+V”“把N+V”以及“把N+V(一)V”等三种无补“把”字句。本文也是从谓语部分入手,指出这些看似“无补”的特殊“把”字句内部实际都隐含了一个结果V2。也就是说,究其实质,本文所研究的四类无补“把”字句无论在意义表达方面还是深层构造上,实际都与典型“把”字句一致。
[Abstract]:Although the research on the word "Ba" in modern Chinese has been fruitful, the scope of research is limited to some typical "Ba" sentences. The characteristics of these "typical" Ba "sentences are that most of the post-object words are subject arguments, and the semantics are mostly represented as disposal or causation. Syntactically, the VP of this kind of "put" sentence must be complex, mostly manifested as dynamic complement structure, "verb prepositional phrase" structure or verb "Zhe / too" and other forms of stylistic markers. The "Ba" sentence studied in this paper is different from these "typical" Ba "sentences, which are expressed in form as that the predicate part of the sentence is only concluded with v. Because most of the predicate verbs of the typical "Ba" sentence are "V C", we call this kind of special "Ba" sentence with no C as the unhelpful "Ba" sentence. The unhelpful "Ba" sentences studied in this paper include "take N 鈮,
本文编号:2482355
[Abstract]:Although the research on the word "Ba" in modern Chinese has been fruitful, the scope of research is limited to some typical "Ba" sentences. The characteristics of these "typical" Ba "sentences are that most of the post-object words are subject arguments, and the semantics are mostly represented as disposal or causation. Syntactically, the VP of this kind of "put" sentence must be complex, mostly manifested as dynamic complement structure, "verb prepositional phrase" structure or verb "Zhe / too" and other forms of stylistic markers. The "Ba" sentence studied in this paper is different from these "typical" Ba "sentences, which are expressed in form as that the predicate part of the sentence is only concluded with v. Because most of the predicate verbs of the typical "Ba" sentence are "V C", we call this kind of special "Ba" sentence with no C as the unhelpful "Ba" sentence. The unhelpful "Ba" sentences studied in this paper include "take N 鈮,
本文编号:2482355
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