不利之利:早期中国文本中“利”的矛盾句

发布时间：2019-05-22 11:16

【摘要】：在早期中国文本中,"利"字呈现出复杂的含义,其含义的复杂性在矛盾句中尤为显著。这些矛盾句的出现或许暗示了孟子以后的思想家不再单纯地接受或排拒"利",而逐渐承认"利"这个概念的多面性。英美哲学家对于概念的鼓动性与描述性含义的区分,有助于解释"利"在中国早期论述中的两个重要功能。概念的鼓动性含义,指的是灌注于该概念上的劝说力量,期使该概念在特定方向上"感动"受众;概念的描述性含义,指的是该概念本身具有的意涵,即在取向上中立的内容与描述。当早期思想家的论证聚焦于对"利"的赞成或反对时(两种鼓动性含义),也同时讨论了"利"既有的语义内涵(描述性含义)。对于"利"字矛盾句的分析,也能进一步证明墨家思想的普及与持续地被其他学派所吸纳。把"利"视为一种价值最初只见于墨家学说之中,后来则逐渐成为思想家共同持有的道德语言。
[Abstract]:In the early Chinese texts, the word "benefit" showed a complex meaning, especially in contradictory sentences. The emergence of these contradictory sentences may suggest that the thinkers after Mencius no longer simply accepted or rejected "benefit", but gradually recognized the multifaceted concept of "benefit". The distinction between the motivational meaning and the descriptive meaning of the concept by British and American philosophers is helpful to explain the two important functions of "benefit" in the early discussion of China. The motivational meaning of the concept refers to the persuasion power poured into the concept, in order to make the concept "move" the audience in a specific direction. The descriptive meaning of the concept refers to the meaning of the concept itself, that is, the neutral content and description in orientation. When the argumentation of the early thinkers focused on the approval or opposition to "benefit" (two kinds of motivational meanings), it also discussed the existing semantic connotation (descriptive meaning) of "benefit". The analysis of the contradictory sentences of the word "benefit" can also further prove that the popularization and continuous absorption of Mohist thought by other schools. To regard "benefit" as a kind of value is only seen in Mohist theory at first, and then gradually becomes the moral language shared by thinkers.
【作者单位】：比利时鲁汶大学汉学系;
【分类号】：H14

【共引文献】