韩国学生汉语词界切分的调查分析及应对策略

发布时间：2019-05-27 19:08

【摘要】：由于汉语不实行分词连写的特点，，汉语阅读的停顿成了自古以来讨论不休的问题。随着时间的推移，标点符号的应运而生，断句的问题已经基本被解决，但是词界切分仍存在偏误。特别是在“骑马词”面前，一部分中国人，也需要经过重复阅读才能做出正确的判断。当“汉语热”散发向全世界，越来越多的外国人开始关注中国、学习汉语的时候，阅读过程中的词界切分问题就变得比以往更加复杂。对于中国人而言即使没有丰富的汉语知识，但因为是母语，长期生活在此环境中会产生语感，我们也知道这句话应该如何停顿、切分、断句和理解。但是对于学习汉语的外国人来说，这些所谓的“语感”从何而来呢？因此，汉语老师应该注意培养学生的汉语语感，从而正确地进行词界切分，提高汉语理解和运用的能力。借于在韩国从事汉语教学的便利条件，我们从韩国学生入手，了解他们在汉语阅读中词界切分的能力和特点，特别是遇到骑马词时会采用何种阅读策略，促使自己能够进行正确的词界切分和语义提取。笔者精心设计了相关测试题，对韩国学生进行了测试实验，实验调查过程中笔者运用了包括笔试、口试、观察、访谈等方法，收集到许多有效的信息和数据。根据调查过程中对韩国学生的观察和反馈数据的分析，笔者了解了韩国学生在汉语阅读中经常使用的策略和切分词语时产生的偏误。在遇到“骑马词”时，为了能正确切分词界，他们经常使用熟词提取、联系上下文和情景语境、语用多方位的经验知识以及回读、试读等方法，以寻求最佳答案。他们在切分时产生的偏误主要有合并式切分和分裂式切分。这些偏误暴露了他们的一些不足，特别是语言知识和文化知识的欠缺，导致他们不能正确切分词界，提取意思。同时，也了解到学生哪些方面的不足制约了他们的汉语阅读水平和能力，比如语言知识和文化知识的欠缺等等。在阅读的成功策略和偏误方面，韩国学生与其他国家学生有许多共性特点，但也存在一些韩国学生的独特性，例如：韩国学生对韵律感的应用要好于欧美国家的学生。韩国是汉字文化圈国家之一，但是在韩国现代社会能熟练使用汉字的年轻人越来越少，因此在没有拼音标注的情况下，韩国中老年人的阅读能力比年轻人要强很多。为了进一步提升韩国学生的汉语阅读词界切分能力，教师还要做出很多努力。在赞同前人提出的扩大学生词汇量、运用上下文语境促进理解等建议的基础上，笔者认为还有几点应该引起对外汉语教师们的注意，例如怎么样把单词变成“熟词”，如何帮助学生对已学过的知识进行梳理与总结，如何设计一些有针对性的练习，让学生有更多的操练机会，等等。由此可见，随着对外汉语教学理论和实践的不断深化，对教师的要求也越来越高。教师在教学方法、教学内容、教学手段上都有可以提升的空间，我们仍旧是任重而道远。
[Abstract]:The pause of Chinese reading has become a problem that has been discussed since ancient times because of the characteristics of Chinese non-Chinese word segmentation and writing. With the passage of time and the emergence of punctuation, the problem of the sentence has been solved basically, but the segmentation of the word boundary still exists. In particular, in front of the "horse-riding word", a part of the Chinese people also need to repeat the reading before making the correct judgment. When the "heat and heat" is distributed to the world, more and more foreigners begin to pay attention to China, and when learning Chinese, the word-boundary segmentation problem in the reading process becomes more complex than in the past For Chinese, even if there is no rich Chinese knowledge, because it is the mother tongue, the long-term life will produce a sense of speech in this environment, and we also know how the sentence should stop, split, sentence and rule. But for foreigners who learn Chinese, these so-called "sense of language" come from So, Chinese teachers should pay attention to the development of the Chinese language sense of the students, so as to correctly carry out the word-boundary segmentation and improve the understanding and application of Chinese language On the condition of the convenience of the Chinese teaching in the Republic of Korea, we begin with the Korean students to understand their ability and characteristics of the word-boundary segmentation in the Chinese reading, especially when it comes to riding the word, what kind of reading strategy will be used to make it possible to carry out the correct word-and-word segmentation and the language The author designed the relevant test questions, and carried out the test experiment to the Korean students. In the course of the experiment, the author applied the methods including the written test, the oral examination, the observation, the interview and so on, and collected many valid information and data. According to the analysis of the observation and feedback data of Korean students in the course of the investigation, the author knows the strategies and words used by the Korean students in Chinese reading In the face of the "horse-riding word", in order to be able to cut the word boundary correctly, they often use the methods of familiar word extraction, contact context and context, pragmatic and multi-orientation experience knowledge and readback, trial reading and so on to find out Find the best answer. The bias that they produce at the time of the segmentation is mainly in the form of split-type segmentation. These partial errors have exposed some of their shortcomings, in particular the lack of linguistic knowledge and cultural knowledge, leading to the fact that they can't cut the word boundary correctly At the same time, it is also known that the lack of students has restricted their Chinese reading level and ability, such as language knowledge and cultural knowledge There are many common features of Korean students and other countries in terms of the success strategy and the bias of reading, but there are also some of the uniqueness of Korean students. For example, the application of Korean students to the sense of rhythm is good. South Korea is one of the country's cultural circle countries, but there are fewer and fewer young people who can use Chinese characters in the modern society of South Korea, so the reading capacity ratio of the middle-aged and the middle-aged and the middle-aged and the middle-aged and the middle-aged and the middle-aged and the middle-aged and the middle-aged and the middle-aged Young people have a lot to do. In order to further improve the Chinese reading of Korean students, the ability of the word-to-word segmentation can be further promoted. The author also makes a lot of efforts. On the basis of the suggestion of enlarging the vocabulary of the students and using the context of the context to promote the understanding, the author holds that there are some points that should give rise to the attention of the Chinese teachers, such as how to turn the word into "the word of the world" rd ", how to help the students comb and summarize the learned knowledge, how to design some targeted exercises, and make the students more It can be seen that with the continuous deepening of the theory and practice of the teaching of the Chinese as a foreign language, the teaching of teaching The requirements of the teacher are also higher and higher. The teacher has the space to be promoted in the teaching method, the teaching content and the teaching method, and I
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3

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