7至12岁汉语儿童焦点语调格局声学研究
发布时间：2019-05-28 19:00
【摘要】：语调作为语言中的超音段信息，与语义表达和语用交际等领域有着密不可分的联系。作为声调语言，汉语与英语等非声调语言不同，汉语语调与声调存在相互作用的关系，因此其研究存在相对的复杂性。基于赵元任，吴宗济，沈炯,许毅等前人对成人汉语语调功能的研究成果，本文以Xu Yi（2004）的平行编码及目标趋近模型（PENTA Model）为理论基础，以窄焦点为分析重点，意在从声学角度探究中国7至12岁学龄儿童焦点语调功能的格局及发展状况。本文主要研究三个问题： 1）在调域和调阶及调形三个参数上，两组儿童对宽窄焦点语调表现有什么不同？ 2）两组儿童在窄焦点语调实现方式上有无差异？ 3）年龄是否会影响焦点语调的产出？ 在此研究中，目标语句将以问答方式引出，四类目标语句基于沈炯（1985）对成人的实验句，，并对其进行了修改，每类目标句配有一幅图片，增强实验的趣味性使其适用于学龄儿童。受试者是24名来自长沙公立小学的学生，实验使用Cool edit2.0录音。根据年龄分为两组：两组平均年龄分别为7;04和11;05。儿童自然朗读产出的语调为宽焦点语调，通过问答引出的语调为窄焦点语调。本学位论文主要从三个声学参数：调域，调阶和调形出发对比宽（自然）与窄焦点不同和两个年龄组窄焦点实现方式的差异，并研究了年龄是否影响焦点这一功能语调的产出。 利用Cool edit2.0和MiniSpeech桌上语音工作室进行语调短语切分和音高值提取及数据归一化,然后使用SPSS（15.0版本）对两组数据进行统计分析。结果显示： 1）通过宽窄焦点的对比，宽焦点语调平缓，组一儿童将焦点放置于句中调群，但组二儿童焦点放置于句末调域。但窄焦点中，对目标句某一个调群进行强调时，两个年龄组调域得到扩张。第二组调阶得到抬升，而第一组三个调群只有一个得到抬升。两组的四个单字调起点和终点都得到抬升或降低，但字调基本形状未发生改变。 2）窄焦点中，两组儿童声学表现存在差异。组二调域扩张程度较组一大，组二调阶统一得到抬升，组一只有一个调群调阶得到抬升。组二四个单音动词声调起点终点变化较组一明显。组二儿童内部表现较为一致。虽然7岁儿童已具有焦点这一语调功能意识，但相对于第二组，内部差异较大。 3）两年龄组窄焦点语调的非参数检验表明：两组儿童在窄焦点语调调域上存在显著性差异，调阶表现也存在显著性差异，且四个动词声调第二组变化明显大于第一组。说明年龄对儿童焦点语调产出有影响，年龄较大儿童能较为准确地对想要传达的信息进行焦点凸显，儿童焦点语调随着年龄的增长产出模式趋于稳定。 本文结论与Wells (2004)年研究的英国学龄儿童结论一样，学龄期也是汉语儿童语调交际功能发展的重要时期。在Xu Yi (2004)提出的平行编码与目标趋近（PENTA）模型下，本文也证明基频曲线可以传递焦点这一交际功能，主要通过改变声学参数如音高音域，音阶和声调起点及终点值来逐渐趋近目标语调，实现通过F0曲线来传递信息的功能。
[Abstract]:The intonation is closely related to the field of semantic expression and pragmatic communication. As the language of the tone, the non-tonal languages such as Chinese and English are different, and the Chinese intonation and the tone have the relation of the interaction, so the study has the relative complexity. Based on the previous research results on the function of Chinese intonation in adults, such as Zhao Yuanren, Wu Zongji, Shen Yi and Xu Yi, this paper, based on the parallel coding of Xu Yi (2004) and the target approach model (PENTA Model), focuses on the narrow focus. The purpose of this paper is to explore the pattern and development of the function of the focus of the school-age children from 7 to 12 in China from the angle of acoustics. In this paper, three main problems are studied: 1) In the three parameters of adjustment and adjustment and shape adjustment, there is no difference between the two groups of children in the tone of the wide and narrow focus In that same way, there are two groups of children in a narrow-focus tone of tone. No difference?3) Does the age affect the focus In this study, the target statement will be led out in a question-and-answer mode. The four types of target statements are based on the experimental sentences of the adult in Shenyang (1985) and modified. Each type of target sentence is equipped with a picture, and the interest of the experiment is enhanced to make it It is suitable for school-age children. The subject is a student from a public primary school in Changsha, and the experiment uses Cool it2.0 recording. divided into two groups according to age: the average age of the two groups is 7;0 4 and 11;05. The intonation of the child's natural reading output is a wide-focus tone, through a question-and-answer. In this thesis, the differences between the wide (natural) and narrow focus groups and the narrow focus of the two age groups are compared with the two different age groups, and the influence of the age on the focus is also studied. The output of the functional intonation is based on the intonation phrase segmentation and pitch value extraction and data normalization using the Cool edit2.0 and MiniSpeech desk voice studio, and then using SPSS (15.0 version) pair Group data The results show that:1) By the contrast of the wide and narrow focus, the tone of the wide focal point is gentle, and a group of children will focus the focal point in the sentence, but the group 2 in that narrow focus, when one of the target sentence is emphasized, The two groups were expanded. The second set was raised, and the first group of three. Only one of the groups is lifted. The starting and ending points of the four single words in the two groups are raised or lowered, but the basic shape of the note does not change.) In the narrow focus There is a difference in the two groups of children's acoustic performance. There is a set of tones to be raised. The second four-tone verbs in the group The change of the end point of the starting point of the tone is more obvious than that 2. The internal performance of the two children is more consistent. Although the 7-year-old has a focus on the tone-of-the-tone function awareness, Relative to the second group, the internal difference is larger.3) The non-quantitative test of the narrow focus tone of the two age groups shows that there is a significant difference in the two groups of children in the narrow-focus tone-adjusting domain, and there is a significant difference in the level-adjusting performance, and the four movements The change of the second group of the tone of the word is significantly larger than that of the first group. The description of the influence of the age on the output of the children's focus, the older children can more accurately focus on the information they want to convey, and the focus of the children's focus The results of this paper are the same as those of the British school-age children studied in Welles (2004). In the model of the parallel coding and target approach (PENTA) proposed by Xu Yi (2004), this paper also proves that the fundamental frequency curve can transmit the communicative function of the focus, mainly by changing the acoustic parameters such as pitch, scale and scale. the tone start point and the end point value gradually approach the target intonation
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H116
本文编号：2487286
[Abstract]:The intonation is closely related to the field of semantic expression and pragmatic communication. As the language of the tone, the non-tonal languages such as Chinese and English are different, and the Chinese intonation and the tone have the relation of the interaction, so the study has the relative complexity. Based on the previous research results on the function of Chinese intonation in adults, such as Zhao Yuanren, Wu Zongji, Shen Yi and Xu Yi, this paper, based on the parallel coding of Xu Yi (2004) and the target approach model (PENTA Model), focuses on the narrow focus. The purpose of this paper is to explore the pattern and development of the function of the focus of the school-age children from 7 to 12 in China from the angle of acoustics. In this paper, three main problems are studied: 1) In the three parameters of adjustment and adjustment and shape adjustment, there is no difference between the two groups of children in the tone of the wide and narrow focus In that same way, there are two groups of children in a narrow-focus tone of tone. No difference?3) Does the age affect the focus In this study, the target statement will be led out in a question-and-answer mode. The four types of target statements are based on the experimental sentences of the adult in Shenyang (1985) and modified. Each type of target sentence is equipped with a picture, and the interest of the experiment is enhanced to make it It is suitable for school-age children. The subject is a student from a public primary school in Changsha, and the experiment uses Cool it2.0 recording. divided into two groups according to age: the average age of the two groups is 7;0 4 and 11;05. The intonation of the child's natural reading output is a wide-focus tone, through a question-and-answer. In this thesis, the differences between the wide (natural) and narrow focus groups and the narrow focus of the two age groups are compared with the two different age groups, and the influence of the age on the focus is also studied. The output of the functional intonation is based on the intonation phrase segmentation and pitch value extraction and data normalization using the Cool edit2.0 and MiniSpeech desk voice studio, and then using SPSS (15.0 version) pair Group data The results show that:1) By the contrast of the wide and narrow focus, the tone of the wide focal point is gentle, and a group of children will focus the focal point in the sentence, but the group 2 in that narrow focus, when one of the target sentence is emphasized, The two groups were expanded. The second set was raised, and the first group of three. Only one of the groups is lifted. The starting and ending points of the four single words in the two groups are raised or lowered, but the basic shape of the note does not change.) In the narrow focus There is a difference in the two groups of children's acoustic performance. There is a set of tones to be raised. The second four-tone verbs in the group The change of the end point of the starting point of the tone is more obvious than that 2. The internal performance of the two children is more consistent. Although the 7-year-old has a focus on the tone-of-the-tone function awareness, Relative to the second group, the internal difference is larger.3) The non-quantitative test of the narrow focus tone of the two age groups shows that there is a significant difference in the two groups of children in the narrow-focus tone-adjusting domain, and there is a significant difference in the level-adjusting performance, and the four movements The change of the second group of the tone of the word is significantly larger than that of the first group. The description of the influence of the age on the output of the children's focus, the older children can more accurately focus on the information they want to convey, and the focus of the children's focus The results of this paper are the same as those of the British school-age children studied in Welles (2004). In the model of the parallel coding and target approach (PENTA) proposed by Xu Yi (2004), this paper also proves that the fundamental frequency curve can transmit the communicative function of the focus, mainly by changing the acoustic parameters such as pitch, scale and scale. the tone start point and the end point value gradually approach the target intonation
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H116
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
1 林茂灿;普通话语句的韵律结构和基频(F_0)高低线构建[J];当代语言学;2002年04期
2 沈炯;汉语语调构造和语调类型[J];方言;1994年03期
3 江海燕;;汉语陈述、疑问基本语调的调位表现[J];南开语言学刊;2009年01期
本文编号：2487286
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