明清时期语气副词研究

发布时间：2019-05-29 14:43

【摘要】：明清时期是近代汉语向现代汉语过渡的一个关键时期,不同历史层次、不同方言背景的语气副词在此形成一个大聚合,了解这一时期的语气副词系统并对语气副词的兴衰更替、语气副词的主观性和主观化等进行研究,有助于更深入了解语气副词的特点,在汉语史上具有重要的参考价值。本文主要以明清时期的白话文献为基本语料,在对明清时期的语气副词进行系统整理的基础上,选取部分典型语气副词,探究其来源,考察其主观化历程和主观性在句法、语义、语用等方面的表现,进而揭示语气副词在表达主观性方面的独特性。本文共包括六个部分,文章构架如下：第一章为绪论。介绍研究对象和意义,研究现状及研究空间,理论基础和研究方法,语料选取等方面。第二章为理论探讨。在吸收前人研究成果的基础上,首先对语气副词进行了重新定义,突出其表达主观性这一本质特征,并重点对语气副词和副词的其他次类进行界定。其次对语气副词的表述性提出了自己不同的看法,认为这种表述性不一定通过句法变换体现,更多的是一种语用体现。最后在主观认识和主观量相结合的基础上,把明清时期的语气副词分成四类：推测类、意料类、证实类、强调类。第三章为分类研究。分四类对明清时期的语气副词系统进行了全面的描写和整理,尽可能把语义和功能相近的语气副词归为不同的小类,重点描写语气副词在明清时期的使用情况,分析其所属的历史层次、方言背景以及它们相互竞争中的兴衰更替现象。第四章为语气副词的主观性研究。语气副词在句法、语义、语用等方面的表现都跟主观性和交互主观性有关,因而语气副词的主观性研究是本文研究的重点。本文选取了“真个”、“千万”、“最好”、“幸亏”义语气副词、同语式中的语气副词、“哪里是A,简直是B”中的“简直”等几个典型的个案进行分析,认为语气副词形成后,其主观化的进程还在继续发展,有的甚至发展为主观性标记词。语气副词的句法位置受主观性强弱、语义表达、交互主观性等方面的影响。结合特定的句法格式研究语气副词,有利于发现语气副词所表达的语气和主观性。第五章为语气副词的个案研究。对《老乞大》四种版本的语气副词进行考察,以动态的视角观察北方汉语语气副词在元明清三个时代的发展历程；以《儿女英雄传》为立足点,考察前后时期重叠式语气副词的使用情况；以“老实”、“难不成”、“七八”、“做定、坐定”、“真当”、“作兴”为例对明清时期吴方言语气副词进行探源；以“紧’类和“敢”类语气副词为例探究山东方言语气副词。第六章为结论部分。对明清时期语气副词的特点进行了总结,对本文研究的一些做法和有待继续研究的课题进行了思考。
[Abstract]:The Ming and Qing dynasties was a key period of the transition from modern Chinese to modern Chinese. Mood adverbs of different historical levels and different dialect backgrounds formed a great aggregation here to understand the mood adverb system in this period and to change the rise and fall of mood adverbs. The study of subjectivity and subjectivity of mood adverbs is helpful to understand the characteristics of mood adverbs and has important reference value in the history of Chinese. This paper mainly takes the vernacular literature of Ming and Qing dynasties as the basic corpus, and on the basis of systematically sorting out the modal adverbs of Ming and Qing dynasties, selects some typical mood adverbs, probes into their sources, and investigates their subjective course and subjectivity in syntax. The semantic, pragmatic and other aspects of the performance, and then reveal the uniqueness of mood adverbs in the expression of subjectivity. This paper consists of six parts, the framework of the article is as follows: the first chapter is the introduction. This paper introduces the research object and significance, research status and research space, theoretical basis and research methods, corpus selection and so on. The second chapter is the theoretical discussion. On the basis of absorbing the previous research results, this paper first redefines mood adverbs, highlights the essential feature of expressing subjectivity, and focuses on defining mood adverbs and other subcategories of adverbs. Secondly, it puts forward its own different views on the declarative nature of mood adverbs, and holds that this declarative nature is not necessarily embodied through syntactic transformation, but is more pragmatic. Finally, on the basis of the combination of subjective cognition and subjective quantity, the modal adverbs in Ming and Qing dynasties are divided into four categories: speculative category, unexpected category, confirmation category and emphasis category. The third chapter is classified research. This paper makes a comprehensive description and arrangement of mood adverbs in Ming and Qing dynasties in four categories, and classifies mood adverbs with similar semantics and functions into different subcategories as far as possible, with emphasis on the use of mood adverbs in Ming and Qing dynasties. This paper analyzes the historical level, dialect background and the rise and fall of their competition. The fourth chapter is the subjective study of mood adverbs. The performance of mood adverbs in syntax, semantics, pragmatics and so on is related to subjectivity and interactive subjectivity, so the study of subjectivity of mood adverbs is the focus of this paper. This paper selects several typical cases, such as "real", "ten million", "best", "fortunately" semantic mood adverbs, mood adverbs in the same language, "where is A, simply B" and so on, to analyze several typical cases, such as "Zhen Zhi", "tens of millions", "best", "fortunately" semantic mood adverbs, "synonymous adverbs", "where is A, simply B" and so on. It is considered that after the formation of modal adverbs, the process of subjectivization continues to develop, and some even develop into subjective markers. The syntactic position of mood adverbs is influenced by subjectivity, semantic expression, interactive subjectivity and so on. The study of mood adverbs in combination with specific syntactic formats is helpful to find out the mood and subjectivity expressed by mood adverbs. The fifth chapter is a case study of mood adverbs. This paper investigates the four versions of mood adverbs in Lao Qi Da, and observes the development of mood adverbs in Northern Chinese in the three dynasties of Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties from a dynamic perspective. Taking the Legend of the Hero of Children as the foothold, this paper investigates the use of overlapping mood adverbs in the period before and after. Taking "honesty", "difficulty", "July 8", "make up, sit down", "true when" and "Zaoxing" as examples, this paper probes into the origin of the modal adverbs of Wu dialect in Ming and Qing dynasties. Taking the modal adverbs of "tight" and "dare" as examples, this paper probes into the modal adverbs of Shandong dialect. The sixth chapter is the conclusion part. This paper summarizes the characteristics of modal adverbs in Ming and Qing dynasties, and thinks about some of the methods studied in this paper and the topics to be further studied.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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