现代汉语附缀研究
发布时间：2019-06-12 12:31
【摘要】：附缀以及附缀化研究是现代汉语语法研究中一个全新的领域，虽然在语言学者的论著中涉及到附缀的概念以及用法，但是至今还没有全面系统的专门研究。本文运用附缀化、语义演变、韵律语法以及主观化的相关理论，对现代汉语附缀的句法、语义、语用和标记功能进行了全面系统的考察，，并运用个案的考察对附缀以及附缀化理论进行了论证和解释。全文除绪论和结语，主体分为四篇十六章。 第一篇，对西方附缀以及附缀化理论体系进行了阐释，讨论了语法化、词汇化与附缀化的关系，并根据附缀与虚词、词缀的区别，区分出现代汉语附缀的典型特征，进而对附缀进行界定并确定附缀的定义，在此基础上，对现代汉语中附缀的类型与来源，功能与作用进行考察。 第二篇，考察了实源类的附缀“说”、“是”、方位词和“个”。位于谓宾动词、能愿动词以及连词后的“说”属于典型的后附缀；“X是”用于表达主观强调和情态评价，附缀“是”具有语用标记功能；方位词后附于双音节成分构成超音段结构并脱离时空范畴，符合形态化过程中附缀的典型特征。 第三篇，考察了虚源类附缀“以”、“着”、“们”和“的话”。结构“V单+以+N”中的“以”词义虚化导致结构跨层从而具有了附缀特征；附缀“着”失去体标记身份表现出特殊的赋宾功能；构拟了附缀“们”的演化路径，确定了“们”附缀的身份；根据“的话”粘附对象及语境中的功能扩展表现，得出“的话”属于双音节后附缀。 第四篇，对附缀的发展及演化趋势进行分析。前附缀“所”由于词义虚化和结构嬗变使其零形化；双音节后附缀“于”由于功能羡余和韵律制约导致其零形化；非真值语义否定词“不”由于主观化以及类推作用附缀化为语用标记；双音节附缀“起来”经历附缀化到词汇化过程进一步演化为特殊的双音节词缀。 本文的创新点主要包括以下几个方面：首先，本文第一次系统的阐释了目前西方语言学界附缀以及附缀化的理论，并且首次对汉语中的附缀及其附缀化进行了全面的考察。其次，西方语言学界利用某种假设性的规则解释附缀的语法变化，忽视了语言自身历时发展，本文以动态的眼光关注附缀的语法表现，不仅关注其历时演化过程中的动因与机制，而且注意辨析其共时层面的功能与分化。再次，本文的研究能够解释一些汉语的语法问题，如古代汉语中绝大部分介宾结构前置于动词，但仍有部分位于动词之后的原因等。最后，对现代汉语的词类系统的研究做了有益的增补和拓展，并将附缀及附缀化的理论研究覆盖面由屈折语、粘附语以及多式综合语延展到孤立语中。
[Abstract]:The affixes and affixes are a new field in the study of modern Chinese grammar. Although the concept and usage of the affix are involved in the study of the language scholars, there is no special study of the system yet. This paper makes an overall systematic study of the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and marking functions of the affix in modern Chinese by using the related theories of attachment, semantic evolution, prosodic grammar and subjectivism. In addition to the introduction and the conclusion, the main body is divided into four chapters. In the first part, the theoretical system of the western attachment and the affixes is explained, the relationship between the grammaticalization, the lexicalization and the affixes is discussed, and the characteristic of the affix in modern Chinese is distinguished according to the difference between the affixes and the virtual words and the affix. In this paper, the definition of the affixes and the definition of the affixes are defined, and the types and sources, functions and functions of the affixes in modern Chinese are examined. The second part, the attached "say", the "Yes", the square word and the "a" . The "say", which is located in the predicate verb, can be used as a verb and a word, is a typical postfix; the "X鏄
本文编号：2498024
[Abstract]:The affixes and affixes are a new field in the study of modern Chinese grammar. Although the concept and usage of the affix are involved in the study of the language scholars, there is no special study of the system yet. This paper makes an overall systematic study of the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and marking functions of the affix in modern Chinese by using the related theories of attachment, semantic evolution, prosodic grammar and subjectivism. In addition to the introduction and the conclusion, the main body is divided into four chapters. In the first part, the theoretical system of the western attachment and the affixes is explained, the relationship between the grammaticalization, the lexicalization and the affixes is discussed, and the characteristic of the affix in modern Chinese is distinguished according to the difference between the affixes and the virtual words and the affix. In this paper, the definition of the affixes and the definition of the affixes are defined, and the types and sources, functions and functions of the affixes in modern Chinese are examined. The second part, the attached "say", the "Yes", the square word and the "a" . The "say", which is located in the predicate verb, can be used as a verb and a word, is a typical postfix; the "X鏄
本文编号：2498024
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