从言语行为转喻的角度解读戏剧《日出》中的承诺类言语行为

发布时间：2019-06-27 11:35

【摘要】：本文从言语行为转喻理论角度分析话剧《日出》中的承诺类言语行为，采用理论包括Panther和Thornburg的言语行为转喻理论和Hernandez和Mendoza的语用参数。认知语言学的兴起扩大了言语行为的研究领域，并为相关的研究提供了新的视角。在Austin和Searle言语行为理论的基础上，Panther和Thornburg第一次从认知的视角下研究言语行为的转喻系统，并在1997年提出了言语行为转喻的主张。他们认为，转喻有助于间接实施言语行为，说话者可以通过提及言语行为的某一属性来实施该言语行为。在1999年，他们提出了事态场景理论，进一步完善了言语行为转喻理论。他们认为，言语行为是特殊的事态场景，一个事态场景包括三部分：事态前部分，事态核心和效力部分，事态后部分。在一个转喻操作中，每一个部分都可以代替整个事态场景，因此说话者可以通过提及整个事态场景的某一个部分来实施该言语行为。然而，Panther和Thornburg没有考虑社会因素的影响，诸如权力关系，社会距离等。基于他们的理论，Hernandez和Mendoza在2002年提出了言外ICM，从而能进一步完善了言语行为转喻理论。言外ICM不仅包括Panther和Thornburg的事态场景也包括Hernandez和Mendoza提出的语用参数。然而只有六个语用参数用来区分承诺类言语行为的次类型，比如：损益/增益，权力，说话人意愿程度，听话人意愿程度，缓和程度和社会距离程度。在对《日出》中的承诺类言语行为进行分析之后，得到了以下发现：第一，关于剧本中的人物使用的承诺类言语行为转喻结构的特点，剧本中的人物多使用单一结构。事态场景中的核心段在整个承诺类言语行为中使用最频繁，其次是事态场景中的前段。关于组合结构，事态前段和核心段的组合结构使用最频繁。第二，关于影响这些特点的原因，研究发现剧本中各人物由于受性格特征、社会地位、权力关系、会话者的会话目的和所处的社会语境的影响，会选择不同的事态场景部分。第三，言语行为转喻结构在不同的承诺类言语行为次分类中有着不同的分布情况和作用。事态核心段在所有的承诺类言语行为次分类中是使用最频繁地，它用来表明承诺类言语行为的内容。事态前段大部分用在拒绝类言语行为中，，它不仅用来说明拒绝的原因也用来表明说话者没有能力执行某一行为或某一行为不是说话人所想要的。本文分析和探索了剧本中人物所使用的言语行为结构的特点，以及言语行为结构在承诺类言语行为次类型中的分布情况和作用。这会扩大从认知角度对承诺类言语行为的研究。对剧本《日出》的研究有助于更好地理解剧本内容，并且会为相关的研究提供新的视角。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes the committed speech acts in the play Sunrise from the perspective of speech act metonymy theory, which includes Panther and Thornburg's speech act metonymy theory and the pragmatic parameters of Hernandez and Mendoza. The rise of cognitive linguistics expands the research field of speech act and provides a new perspective for related research. On the basis of Austin and Searle speech act theory, Panther and Thornburg study the metonymy system of speech act for the first time from the perspective of cognition, and put forward the idea of speech act metonymy in 1997. They believe that metonymy is helpful to the indirect implementation of speech acts, and the speaker can implement the speech act by referring to a certain attribute of the speech act. In 1999, they put forward the theory of situation scene, which further improved the theory of speech act metonymy. In their view, speech act is a special scene of state of affairs, one scene consists of three parts: the front part of the state of affairs, the core and effect part of the state of affairs, and the post part of the state of affairs. In a metonymy operation, each part can replace the whole situation scene, so the speaker can carry out the speech act by referring to a part of the whole situation scene. However, Panther and Thornburg do not consider the influence of social factors, such as power relationship, social distance and so on. Based on their theory, Hernandez and Mendoza put forward the speech act metonymy theory in 2002, which can further improve the speech act metonymy theory. The extra-verbal ICM includes not only the state of affairs of Panther and Thornburg, but also the pragmatic parameters proposed by Hernandez and Mendoza. However, only six pragmatic parameters are used to distinguish the subtypes of commitment speech acts, such as profit and loss, power, speaker's willingness, hearer's willingness, moderation and social distance. After analyzing the commitment speech act in Sunrise, the following findings are obtained: first, with regard to the characteristics of the metonymy structure of the commitment speech act used by the characters in the script, most of the characters in the script use a single structure. The core paragraphs in the situation scenario are most frequently used in the whole commitment speech act, followed by the previous paragraph in the state of affairs scenario. With regard to the composite structure, the combination structure of the front and core segments of the state of affairs is the most frequently used. Secondly, with regard to the reasons that affect these characteristics, it is found that due to the influence of personality characteristics, social status, power relationship, the conversation purpose of the speaker and the social context in which the speaker lives, each character in the script will choose different scene parts of the state of affairs. Thirdly, the metonymy structure of speech act has different distribution and function in different subclassification of commitment speech act. The core paragraph of the state of affairs is the most frequently used in all subcategories of commitment speech acts, which is used to indicate the content of commitment speech acts. Most of the previous paragraphs are used in refusal speech acts, which are used not only to explain the reasons for rejection, but also to show that the speaker is unable to perform an act or that a certain behavior is not what the speaker wants. This paper analyzes and explores the characteristics of the speech act structure used by the characters in the script, as well as the distribution and function of the speech act structure in the subtypes of commitment speech act. This will expand the study of commitment speech acts from a cognitive point of view. The study of Sunrise will help to better understand the content of the script, and will provide a new perspective for the related research.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136

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