闽南方言表实现体貌的“了”

发布时间：2019-07-31 13:01

【摘要】："了"在闽南方言各地普遍用作表示实现体貌的形式,但由于实现体貌发展程度的不同,在各地有一定的差异。其中表示动作行为本身实现的、活动于词层面的"了1"在福建—台湾片和雷州片基本上不用,在粤东片和海南片则普遍存在;用于表示事件作为一种新情况实现、活动于句层面的"了2"在各地普遍存在;用于表示事态实现、活动于词组层面的"了3"在闽南方言的大部分地区仍存在,但在雷州片和海南文昌已经消失。这种"了3"多少带有一些"完毕"的意义,语音上也未弱化,是一个不成熟的体貌标记。三种"了"的句法分布在各地也有差异。考察、比较三种"了"在不同地域中和不同句法环境中的分布,可追溯出表实现体貌的"了"在闽南方言中的发展、演变过程。总体而言,闽南方言"了"的发展演变过程比普通话较迟或较慢,而各片的发展进度又快慢不一。
[Abstract]:"Lao" is widely used as a form to express the realization of body appearance in various parts of Minnan dialect, but there are some differences in different places because of the different degree of development of body appearance. Among them, the action behavior itself is realized, and the "1", which is active at the word level, is basically not used in Fujian-Taiwan films and Leizhou films, but generally exists in Guangdong and Hainan films, which is used to indicate that the event is realized as a new situation, and the "2", which is active at the sentence level, is common everywhere. Used to indicate the realization of the situation, "Zai3", which is active at the phrase level, still exists in most areas of Minnan dialect, but has disappeared in Leizhou and Wenchang, Hainan. This kind of "3" has some "over" meaning, and it is not weakened in pronunciation, and it is an immature body sign. The syntactic distribution of the three kinds of "Yi" is also different from place to place. By comparing the distribution of three kinds of "Guo" in different regions and different syntactic environments, we can trace back to the development and evolution process of "Wei", which realizes body appearance in Minnan dialect. Generally speaking, the development and evolution process of Minnan dialect is later or slower than that of Putonghua, and the development progress of each dialect is different.
【作者单位】：中山大学中文系;
【基金】：2006年度国家社科基金项目(项目批准号:06BYY010)资助
【分类号】：H177

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