基于语料库的“给”字的历时演变研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 07:35

本文关键词： 语料库 “给”字历时演变　出处：《武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2015年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：通过对语料库中先秦至民国时期的语料进行调查分析,尝试考察"给"的历时演变过程。研究结果显示,"给"字的使用率从先秦至魏晋缓慢爬升,从魏晋至南北朝大幅度上升,在隋唐五代有一个下降过程,宋金元开始回温,从明代开始又一次大量增加,至民国时期达到了顶峰。在词性的发展轨迹上,从先秦至民国,"给"的虚词用法使用率越来越高,而动词用法的使用率从宋辽金开始因虚词用法的兴起开始缩减。清代与民国时期,"给"字的动词用法的使用率为各个时期最低,且趋于稳定。从宋辽金时期开始,"给"字的虚词用法开始出现,词性出现了实际性变化。元明清时期"给"的虚化得到了进一步发展。明代文献已可见"给"的介词用法。清朝与民国时期发展了很多"给"字句式,"给"字的虚化越来越成熟。句式发展方面,随着时间的推移"给"字句式越来越复杂,一些句式从有至无,从无至有,从主流变为非主流,非主流变为主流,充分体现了新旧更替的发展过程。
[Abstract]:Through the investigation and analysis of the corpus data from pre-Qin to the Republic of China, this paper attempts to investigate the diachronic evolution of "giving". The results show that the usage rate of the word "give" rises slowly from pre-Qin to Wei and Jin dynasties, and from Wei and Jin dynasties to the Southern and Northern dynasties. In the Sui, Tang and five dynasties, there was a process of decline, Song, Jin and Yuan began to return to temperature, from the Ming Dynasty to another large increase, to the period of the Republic of China reached its peak. In the development track of the part of speech, from the pre-Qin to the Republic of China, the usage rate of the function word "Zizi" is getting higher and higher. The usage rate of verbs began to decrease from Song, Liao and Jin dynasties to the rise of the use of function words. In the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the usage rate of verbs was the lowest in each period. Beginning from the Song, Liao and Jin dynasties, the function word usage of the word "Zhai" began to appear. In the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the deficiency of "giving" has been further developed. The use of prepositions of "giving" has been seen in the literature of the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China have developed a lot of "to" word patterns, and "to" words in the period of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Vacuity is becoming more and more mature. With the passage of time, the sentence pattern of "give" becomes more and more complex, some sentence patterns change from being to nothing, from nothing to being, from mainstream to non-mainstream, from non-mainstream to mainstream, which fully reflects the development process of new and old replacement.
【作者单位】：武汉大学文学院;武汉理工大学外国语学院;
【基金】：中央高校专项基金项目资助(2015VI042)
【分类号】：H139

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